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AP English Language and Composition
Study AP English Language and Composition
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- 1Claims, Evidence, and the Rhetorical Situation
- 2Audience, Thesis, and Supporting Evidence
- 3Line of Reasoning and Methods of Development
- 4Introductions, Conclusions, and Development
- 5Organization, Coherence, and Style
- 6Evidence, Thesis, and Stylistic Choices
- 7Qualifying Arguments, Syntax, and Conventions
- 8Audience, Tone, and Sentence Craft
- 9Refining Qualified Arguments
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- Course & Exam Description
- Revision Sheet
- Syllabus Checklist
- Scheme of Work
- Exam Technique
- Command Words — A3 poster
- Lesson Plans — one page per topic
- Class Mark Book
1. Claims, Evidence, and the Rhetorical Situation 12 files
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
2. Audience, Thesis, and Supporting Evidence 18 files
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
Unit Tests
3. Line of Reasoning and Methods of Development 19 files
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
4. Introductions, Conclusions, and Development 16 files
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Topic Quizzes
5. Organization, Coherence, and Style 18 files
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
Unit Tests
6. Evidence, Thesis, and Stylistic Choices 20 files
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
Unit Tests
7. Qualifying Arguments, Syntax, and Conventions 23 files
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
8. Audience, Tone, and Sentence Craft 18 files
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
Unit Tests
9. Refining Qualified Arguments 10 files
Handouts
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
Unit Tests
2026 1 files
- 2026 Questions
- AP English Language and Composition — Question index
- 1.1 Components of the rhetorical situation
- 2.6 Writing a thesis statement
- 3.3 Describing the line of reasoning
- 3.4 Developing a line of reasoning and commentary
- 5.5 Word choice, comparisons, and syntax
- 6.1 Identifying claims and evidence
- 6.2 Developing a paragraph with claim and evidence
- 6.4 Writing a thesis statement
- 7.3 How claims are qualified
- 7.4 Qualifying a claim
- 8.4 Using words and syntax for tone and style
- 9.2 Qualifying a claim
Topic quizzes
- 1. Claims, Evidence, and the Rhetorical Situation
- 2. Audience, Thesis, and Supporting Evidence
- 3. Line of Reasoning and Methods of Development
- 4. Introductions, Conclusions, and Development
- 5. Organization, Coherence, and Style
- 6. Evidence, Thesis, and Stylistic Choices
- 7. Qualifying Arguments, Syntax, and Conventions
- 8. Audience, Tone, and Sentence Craft
- 9. Refining Qualified Arguments
Unit tests
- 1. Claims, Evidence, and the Rhetorical Situation
- 2. Audience, Thesis, and Supporting Evidence
- 3. Line of Reasoning and Methods of Development
- 5. Organization, Coherence, and Style
- 6. Evidence, Thesis, and Stylistic Choices
- 7. Qualifying Arguments, Syntax, and Conventions
- 8. Audience, Tone, and Sentence Craft
- 9. Refining Qualified Arguments
Mock papers
Course companion
Glossary
Topic handouts
- 1. Claims, Evidence, and the Rhetorical Situation
- 2. Audience, Thesis, and Supporting Evidence
- 3. Line of Reasoning and Methods of Development
- 4. Introductions, Conclusions, and Development
- 5. Organization, Coherence, and Style
- 6. Evidence, Thesis, and Stylistic Choices
- 7. Qualifying Arguments, Syntax, and Conventions
- 8. Audience, Tone, and Sentence Craft
- 9. Refining Qualified Arguments
- 1.1 Components of the rhetorical situation
- 1.2 Identifying claims and evidence
- 1.3 Developing a paragraph with claim and evidence
- 2.1 Understanding an audience's beliefs and needs
- 2.2 Writing for an audience's beliefs and needs
- 2.3 Identifying claims and evidence
- 2.4 Developing a paragraph with claim and evidence
- 2.5 Identifying the overarching thesis
- 2.6 Writing a thesis statement
- 3.1 Identifying claims and evidence
- 3.2 Developing a paragraph with claim and evidence
- 3.3 Describing the line of reasoning
- 3.4 Developing a line of reasoning and commentary
- 3.5 Recognizing methods of development
- 3.6 Using methods of development
- 4.1 Components of the rhetorical situation
- 4.2 Writing introductions and conclusions
- 4.3 Identifying the overarching thesis
- 4.4 Writing a thesis statement
- 4.5 Recognizing methods of development
- 4.6 Using methods of development
- 5.1 Describing the line of reasoning
- 5.2 Developing a line of reasoning and commentary
- 5.3 Organization, unity, and coherence
- 5.4 Using transitional elements
- 5.5 Word choice, comparisons, and syntax
- 5.6 Using words and syntax for tone and style
- 6.1 Identifying claims and evidence
- 6.2 Developing a paragraph with claim and evidence
- 6.3 Identifying the overarching thesis
- 6.4 Writing a thesis statement
- 6.5 Word choice, comparisons, and syntax
- 6.6 Using words and syntax for tone and style
- 7.1 Components of the rhetorical situation
- 7.2 Writing introductions and conclusions
- 7.3 How claims are qualified
- 7.4 Qualifying a claim
- 7.5 Clauses and relationships between ideas
- 7.6 Writing clear sentences
- 7.7 Grammar, mechanics, and clarity
- 7.8 Conventions of grammar and mechanics
- 8.1 Understanding an audience's beliefs and needs
- 8.2 Writing for an audience's beliefs and needs
- 8.3 Word choice, comparisons, and syntax
- 8.4 Using words and syntax for tone and style
- 8.5 Clauses and relationships between ideas
- 8.6 Writing clear sentences
- 9.1 How claims are qualified
- 9.2 Qualifying a claim
Lesson slides
- 1. Claims, Evidence, and the Rhetorical Situation
- 2. Audience, Thesis, and Supporting Evidence
- 3. Line of Reasoning and Methods of Development
- 4. Introductions, Conclusions, and Development
- 5. Organization, Coherence, and Style
- 6. Evidence, Thesis, and Stylistic Choices
- 7. Qualifying Arguments, Syntax, and Conventions
- 8. Audience, Tone, and Sentence Craft
- 9. Refining Qualified Arguments
Lesson slides
- 1.1 Components of the rhetorical situation
- 1.2 Identifying claims and evidence
- 1.3 Developing a paragraph with claim and evidence
- 2.1 Understanding an audience's beliefs and needs
- 2.2 Writing for an audience's beliefs and needs
- 2.3 Identifying claims and evidence
- 2.4 Developing a paragraph with claim and evidence
- 2.5 Identifying the overarching thesis
- 2.6 Writing a thesis statement
- 3.1 Identifying claims and evidence
- 3.2 Developing a paragraph with claim and evidence
- 3.3 Describing the line of reasoning
- 3.4 Developing a line of reasoning and commentary
- 3.5 Recognizing methods of development
- 3.6 Using methods of development
- 4.1 Components of the rhetorical situation
- 4.2 Writing introductions and conclusions
- 4.3 Identifying the overarching thesis
- 4.4 Writing a thesis statement
- 4.5 Recognizing methods of development
- 4.6 Using methods of development
- 5.1 Describing the line of reasoning
- 5.2 Developing a line of reasoning and commentary
- 5.3 Organization, unity, and coherence
- 5.4 Using transitional elements
- 5.5 Word choice, comparisons, and syntax
- 5.6 Using words and syntax for tone and style
- 6.1 Identifying claims and evidence
- 6.2 Developing a paragraph with claim and evidence
- 6.3 Identifying the overarching thesis
- 6.4 Writing a thesis statement
- 6.5 Word choice, comparisons, and syntax
- 6.6 Using words and syntax for tone and style
- 7.1 Components of the rhetorical situation
- 7.2 Writing introductions and conclusions
- 7.3 How claims are qualified
- 7.4 Qualifying a claim
- 7.5 Clauses and relationships between ideas
- 7.6 Writing clear sentences
- 7.7 Grammar, mechanics, and clarity
- 7.8 Conventions of grammar and mechanics
- 8.1 Understanding an audience's beliefs and needs
- 8.2 Writing for an audience's beliefs and needs
- 8.3 Word choice, comparisons, and syntax
- 8.4 Using words and syntax for tone and style
- 8.5 Clauses and relationships between ideas
- 8.6 Writing clear sentences
- 9.1 How claims are qualified
- 9.2 Qualifying a claim
Vocabulary lists
- 1. Claims, Evidence, and the Rhetorical Situation
- 2. Audience, Thesis, and Supporting Evidence
- 3. Line of Reasoning and Methods of Development
- 4. Introductions, Conclusions, and Development
- 5. Organization, Coherence, and Style
- 6. Evidence, Thesis, and Stylistic Choices
- 7. Qualifying Arguments, Syntax, and Conventions
- 8. Audience, Tone, and Sentence Craft
- 9. Refining Qualified Arguments
Flashcards
Weekly vocab tests
- Week 1 · Topics 1–3 · Claims, Evidence, and the Rhetorical Situation, Audience, Thesis, and Supporting Evidence, Line of Reasoning and Methods of Development
- Week 2 · Topics 3–6 · Line of Reasoning and Methods of Development, Introductions, Conclusions, and Development, Organization, Coherence, and Style, Evidence, Thesis, and Stylistic Choices
- Week 3 · Topics 6–9 · Evidence, Thesis, and Stylistic Choices, Qualifying Arguments, Syntax, and Conventions, Audience, Tone, and Sentence Craft, Refining Qualified Arguments
Weekly homework
Exercise sheets
- Complete pack — exercise sheets + past papers
- 1 Claims, Evidence, and the Rhetorical Situation — Part 1
- 1 Claims, Evidence, and the Rhetorical Situation — Part 2
- 2 Audience, Thesis, and Supporting Evidence — Part 1
- 2 Audience, Thesis, and Supporting Evidence — Part 2
- 3 Line of Reasoning and Methods of Development — Part 1
- 3 Line of Reasoning and Methods of Development — Part 2
- 4 Introductions, Conclusions, and Development — Part 1
- 4 Introductions, Conclusions, and Development — Part 2
- 5 Organization, Coherence, and Style — Part 1
- 5 Organization, Coherence, and Style — Part 2
- 6 Evidence, Thesis, and Stylistic Choices — Part 1
- 6 Evidence, Thesis, and Stylistic Choices — Part 2
- 7 Qualifying Arguments, Syntax, and Conventions — Part 1
- 7 Qualifying Arguments, Syntax, and Conventions — Part 2
- 8 Audience, Tone, and Sentence Craft — Part 1
- 8 Audience, Tone, and Sentence Craft — Part 2
- 9 Refining Qualified Arguments — Part 1
- 9 Refining Qualified Arguments — Part 2
Past papers
- 1.1 Components of the rhetorical situation
- 2.6 Writing a thesis statement
- 3.3 Describing the line of reasoning
- 3.4 Developing a line of reasoning and commentary
- 5.5 Word choice, comparisons, and syntax
- 6.1 Identifying claims and evidence
- 6.2 Developing a paragraph with claim and evidence
- 6.4 Writing a thesis statement
- 7.3 How claims are qualified
- 7.4 Qualifying a claim
- 8.4 Using words and syntax for tone and style
- 9.2 Qualifying a claim
Tips
A thesis must be defensible. A statement of the obvious that no reasonable reader would dispute cannot be defended, and therefore cannot be rewarded.
Commentary is where the marks live. Quoting evidence shows you found it; explaining how the evidence supports your line of reasoning is the part that is actually being assessed.
In synthesis writing, sources support your argument - they do not replace it. An answer that summarises the sources in turn has produced a summary, not an argument.