Patrones de oración — formales y escritos

Estás escribiendo un informe breve del proyecto y un correo electrónico educado para las personas que financiaron el trabajo. En la conversación, if如果rú guǒ (si), so / therefore所以suǒ yǐ (por lo tanto) y in order to为了wèi le (para) son suficientes. La escritura formal prefiere estructuras más compactas para un nombre prestado, un medio y su resultado, una autoridad, un resultado impuesto por la situación y un "si" literario. Estos cinco patrones son típicos de ese estilo escrito. El lenguaje más laxo permanece natural en la conversación.

variant of 借借jiè + Sustantivo + 之名zhī míng

Un viaje de investigación fue realmente unas vacaciones en la playa, y el informe debería reflejar ambos aspectos.

Este marco sitúa una acción bajo un nombre prestado. variant of 借借jiè significa "tomar prestado". El sustantivo es la etiqueta pública, y el resto es la acción real. La etiqueta suele ocultar otro objetivo, por lo que el tono es cómplice o crítico. Una excusa suave encaja cuando la brecha entre el nombre y el objetivo sigue siendo clara.

Forma

Sujeto + variant of 借借jiè + Sustantivo + 之名zhī míng + Situación

Nombra primero al usuario. Luego vienen variant of 借借jiè, el sustantivo y la terminación fija 之名zhī míng. El sustantivo puede ser una cosa o una actividad, como una venta, una reunión o una inspección. La acción real sigue después.

Ejemplos

to have / there is有yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的demerchant商家shāng jiāvariant of 借借jièto promote sales促销cù xiāo之名zhī míng，(把: marks the object)把bǎto be overdue过期guò qīcommodity商品shāng pǐnto sell卖màito / for / give给gěicustomer顾客gù kè。

Algunos comercios venden productos caducados a clientes bajo el pretexto de una promoción.

company公司gōng sīvariant of 借借jièto investigate and research调研diào yán之名zhī míng，to arrange安排ān páistaff员工yuán gōngweekend周末zhōu mòto go out外出wài chūto amuse oneself游玩yóu wán。

Bajo la excusa de una investigación, la empresa organizó que el personal saliera a disfrutar el fin de semana.

Contraste

Lee el nombre como una cobertura. Para una autoridad real, usa to use以yǐ……(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì abajo. La misma redacción en inglés puede encajar en ambos marcos, por lo que el patrón chino transporta el tono.

to pass through通过tōng guò + Acción ，to make使shǐ + Resultado

Un resumen breve debe mostrar un método y el cambio que produce.

to pass through通过tōng guò nombra el medio. to make使shǐ nombra el resultado que dicho medio produce: haciendo esto, causa aquello. Los informes y propuestas prefieren esta pareja. Otras formas de expresar causa permanecen disponibles en la conversación.

Forma

to pass through通过tōng guò + Acción ，to make使shǐ + Resultado

Un sujeto puede colocarse antes de to pass through通过tōng guò. Después de la coma, comienza con to make使shǐ, luego las personas o cosas afectadas, y finalmente el resultado. Lo que sigue a to make使shǐ recibe el efecto. El medio se mantiene en la primera mitad.

Ejemplos

to pass through通过tōng guòrepeatedly反复fǎn fùto check核对hé duìdata数据shù jù，to make使shǐto inform报告bào gàoli, ancient measure of…里lǐ(modifier / structural particle)的demistaken错误cuò wùclear明显míng xiǎnto lessen减少jiǎn shǎo(completed / change)了le。

La verificación repetida de los datos redujo claramente los errores en el informe.

community社区shè qūto pass through通过tōng guòto conduct举办jǔ bànnighttime夜间yè jiānclassroom课堂kè táng，to make使shǐoffice workers (as social…上班族shàng bān zúalso也yěcan / be able to能néngto learn (sth)学到xué dàopractical实用shí yòngtechnical ability技能jì néng。

Al organizar clases vespertinas, la comunidad también permitió que las personas trabajadoras aprendieran habilidades prácticas.

Contraste

En este par, to pass through通过tōng guò significa "mediante". to make使shǐ significa "causar", y está separado de to use使用shǐ yòng (usar). Una persona afectada colocada antes de to make使shǐ se convierte en el causante, lo cual es una oración diferente.

to use以yǐ + Persona / Órgano + (modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì

Una carta del comité debe emitirse bajo el nombre del comité, nombrando simplemente ese cargo.

to use以yǐ……(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì states the role behind an action: "in the name of" or "on behalf of". Formal notices use it neutrally for whose name is used. Wider context may still judge the action. The pattern itself names the role.

Forma

to use以yǐ + Person or body + (modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì + Action

Keep (modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì together. The middle can be a person, a school, a company, a court or a government. The action follows. A subject before to use以yǐ shows who acts in that name.

Ejemplos

school学校xué xiàoto use以yǐ(college, university)…校长xiào zhǎng(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yìtowards向xiànghead of a household家长jiā zhǎngto explain说明shuō míng(completed / change)了lenew新xīnto stipulate规定guī dìng。

Xuéxiào yǐ xiàozhǎng de míngyì xiàng jiāzhǎng shuōmíng le xīn guīdìng. The school explained the new rules to parents in the principal's name.

foundation (institution…基金会jī jīn huìto use以yǐall全体quán tǐmember会员huì yuán(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yìtowards向xiàngdisaster area灾区zāi qūto contribute (as a gift)捐赠juān zèng(completed / change)了legoods物资wù zī。

Jījīnhuì yǐ quántǐ huìyuán de míngyì xiàng zāiqū juānzèng le wùzī. The foundation donated supplies to the disaster area in the name of all its members.

Contraste

to use以yǐgovernment政府zhèng fǔ(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yìto announce公布gōng bùto decide (to do something)决定jué dìng gives the government as the body behind a decision. variant of 借借jiègovernment政府zhèng fǔ之名zhī míng推销产品tuī xiāo chǎn pǐn uses the government as a cover for selling. Choose the first pattern for a real role, and the second for a pretext.

to be bound to势必shì bì

After months of rising prices, a commentator says household budgets are sure to feel the effect.

to be bound to势必shì bì means the situation pushes a result forward. power势shì is "the situation", and certainly必bì is "must". The tone is formal, and it is common in commentary and warnings. definitely一定yí dìng often marks personal certainty, including a promise such as I / me我wǒdefinitely一定yí dìngto come来lái. to have to必须bì xū is about duty. to be bound to势必shì bì is about an outcome the circumstances make hard to avoid.

Forma

Situation ，to be bound to势必shì bì + Result

State the trend first. to be bound to势必shì bì stands directly before the result. It can describe a person when circumstances force that result. A personal decision to act sits more naturally with definitely一定yí dìng or to be certain肯定kěn dìng.

Ejemplos

long term长期cháng qīto neglect忽视hū shìclient客户kè hù(modifier / structural particle)的decomplaint投诉tóu sù，to be bound to势必shì bìto lose失去shī qùmarketplace市场shì chǎng(modifier / structural particle)的deto trust信任xìn rèn。

Chángqī hūshì kèhù de tóusù, shìbì shīqù shìchǎng de xìnrèn. Ignoring customer complaints for a long time is bound to lose the market's trust.

evidence证据zhèng jùrepeatedly一再yī zài(passive: by)被bèito conceal隐瞒yǐn mán，此案cǐ ànto be bound to势必shì bìto give rise to引起yǐn qǐ更大gèng dà(modifier / structural particle)的decontroversy争议zhēng yì。

Zhèngjù yízài bèi yǐnmán, cǐ àn shìbì yǐnqǐ gèng dà de zhēngyì. With the evidence hidden again and again, this case is bound to raise a greater dispute.

Contraste

to be bound to势必shì bì, definitely一定yí dìng and to be certain肯定kěn dìng can all sound like "certainly" in English. to be bound to势必shì bì ties the certainty to circumstances and fits written analysis. In speech, to be certain肯定kěn dìngcan / will会huì and definitely一定yí dìngcan / will会huì are usual, and to be bound to势必shì bì sounds stiff.

if倘若tǎng ruò + Condition ，(then / just就jiù / used in 便宜便biàn) ……

A formal invitation ends with a polite "if": something in the plan may fall short, and the guest should say so.

if倘若tǎng ruò means "if" or "supposing". It opens a condition in essays, official letters and polite formulas. It is more literary than if如果rú guǒ, and more literary than if假使jiǎ shǐ. In everyday talk, if如果rú guǒ and if要是yào shi are the usual choices. The condition is open or politely imagined. A near miss, where something almost happened, is a different meaning and needs other wording.

Forma

if倘若tǎng ruò + Condition ，(then / just就jiù / used in 便宜便biàn) + Result

if倘若tǎng ruò begins the condition. then / just就jiù, or the more literary used in 便宜便biàn, often begins the result. A request with to ask请qǐng commonly uses neither marker. Choose used in 便宜便biàn when the whole line should stay formal.

Ejemplos

if倘若tǎng ruòtomorrow明天míng tiānstill仍réngnot yet未wèito receive收到shōu dàoto sign (one's name)签字qiān zìdocument文件wén jiàn，we / us我们wǒ menused in 便宜便biànto postpone推迟tuī chínews conference发布会fā bù huì。

Tǎngruò míngtiān réng wèi shōudào qiānzì wénjiàn, wǒmen biàn tuīchí fābùhuì. If we have still not received the signed documents by tomorrow, we will postpone the launch event.

if倘若tǎng ruòyou (polite)您nínto / towards / correct对duìjourney行程xíng chéngto arrange安排ān páito have / there is有yǒuany任何rèn héquestion疑问yí wèn，to ask请qǐngat any time随时suí shíand / with与yǔ会务huì wùto form组zǔconnection联系lián xì。

Tǎngruò nín duì xíngchéng ānpái yǒu rènhé yíwèn, qǐng suíshí yǔ huìwùzǔ liánxì. If you have any question about the itinerary, please contact the conference team at any time.

Contraste

if要是yào shi belongs to chat, and if如果rú guǒ is neutral in speech and writing. if倘若tǎng ruò suits essays and courtesies. used in 便宜便biàn is more bookish than then / just就jiù. A request with to ask请qǐng can omit both markers.

Práctica — Parte 1

Keep every named person, object and place. Any wording that meets the stated pattern and meaning is acceptable.

1. Choose the best reading. someone有人yǒu rénvariant of 借借jièenvironmental protection环保huán bǎo之名zhī míng，high price高价gāo jiàto sell出售chū shòucommon普通pǔ tōng水杯shuǐ bēi。 A. The sellers officially represent an environmental agency. B. "Environmental protection" is a cover for selling ordinary cups at a high price. C. The sentence says environmental work is sure to fail.

2. Your office must publish a road repair schedule under the city government's real authority. The wording should stay neutral. Which sentence fits? A. variant of 借借jiècity hall市政府shì zhèng fǔ之名zhī míngto announce公布gōng bùto repair a road修路xiū lù(modifier / structural particle)的de(concept of) time时间shí jiān。 B. to use以yǐcity hall市政府shì zhèng fǔ(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yìto announce公布gōng bùto repair a road修路xiū lù(modifier / structural particle)的de(concept of) time时间shí jiān。 C. city hall市政府shì zhèng fǔto be bound to势必shì bìto announce公布gōng bùto repair a road修路xiū lù(modifier / structural particle)的de(concept of) time时间shí jiān。

3. A friend is promising, in ordinary conversation, to attend your talk. Which wording fits that promise? A. I / me我wǒto be bound to势必shì bìto participate参加cān jiāyou你nǐ(modifier / structural particle)的dea course of lectures讲座jiǎng zuò。 B. I / me我wǒdefinitely一定yí dìngto participate参加cān jiāyou你nǐ(modifier / structural particle)的dea course of lectures讲座jiǎng zuò。 C. I / me我wǒif倘若tǎng ruòto participate参加cān jiāyou你nǐ(modifier / structural particle)的dea course of lectures讲座jiǎng zuò。

4. A hospital report should make a new process the means and a shorter wait the result. Which sentence does that? A. to pass through通过tōng guònew新xīncourse流程liú chéng，patient患者huàn zhěto make使shǐ等待时间děng dài shí jiānmore更gèngshort短duǎn。 B. to pass through通过tōng guònew新xīncourse流程liú chéng，to make使shǐpatient患者huàn zhě(modifier / structural particle)的de等待时间děng dài shí jiānmore更gèngshort短duǎn。 C. patient患者huàn zhěto pass through通过tōng guòto make使shǐnew新xīncourse流程liú chéng，等待时间děng dài shí jiānmore更gèngshort短duǎn。

5. Reorder the fragments into one sentence. Add only a comma. if倘若tǎng ruò opens the condition, and used in 便宜便biàn marks the result. The person who may be absent is the guest. The result is choosing a new date. used in 便宜便biàn / esteemed guest嘉宾jiā bīn / 另选lìng xuǎndate日期rì qī / cannot不能bù néngto show up到场dào chǎng / if倘若tǎng ruò

6. A training company advertises free lectures, yet each lecture exists to sell a costly course. Write one sentence with variant of 借借jiè……之名zhī míng. Include free (of charge)免费miǎn fèia course of lectures讲座jiǎng zuò and expensive昂贵áng guìcourse课程kè chéng.

7. Rewrite the spoken line as one formal sentence with to pass through通过tōng guò……，to make使shǐ……. More communication with residents is the means. Greater trust in the community is the result. Keep resident居民jū mín and community社区shè qū. we / us我们wǒ menwith / and跟gēnresident居民jū mínmany多duōto exchange交流jiāo liú，resident居民jū mínthen / just就jiùmore更gèngto trust信任xìn rèncommunity社区shè qū。

8. Write two formal sentences from a library to its partner company. In the first, use to use以yǐ……(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì and confirm the joint reading event's date in the library's name. Keep library图书馆tú shū guǎn and to cooperate合作hé zuòcompany公司gōng sī. In the second, use if倘若tǎng ruò and used in 便宜便biàn. If the book list is still unconfirmed before Friday, the event will be postponed. Keep 书单shū dān and Friday星期五xīng qī wǔ.

Respuestas — Parte 1

1. B. someone有人yǒu rénvariant of 借借jièenvironmental protection环保huán bǎo之名zhī míng，high price高价gāo jiàto sell出售chū shòucommon普通pǔ tōng水杯shuǐ bēi。 Yǒu rén jiè huánbǎo zhī míng, gāojià chūshòu pǔtōng shuǐbēi. Environmental protection is the borrowed cover, and selling ordinary cups at a high price is the real action.

2. B. to use以yǐcity hall市政府shì zhèng fǔ(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yìto announce公布gōng bùto repair a road修路xiū lù(modifier / structural particle)的de(concept of) time时间shí jiān。 Yǐ shìzhèngfǔ de míngyì gōngbù xiūlù de shíjiān. The repair times go out in the city government's name, a neutral statement of real authority. A treats that name as a cover. C only says the announcement is unavoidable.

3. B. I / me我wǒdefinitely一定yí dìngto participate参加cān jiāyou你nǐ(modifier / structural particle)的dea course of lectures讲座jiǎng zuò。 Wǒ yídìng cānjiā nǐ de jiǎngzuò. This is a personal promise in ordinary speech. Before the fourth tone of to fix定dìng, one / a一yī is yí. to be bound to势必shì bì would point to pressure from the situation, and if倘若tǎng ruò would only open an "if".

4. B. to pass through通过tōng guònew新xīncourse流程liú chéng，to make使shǐpatient患者huàn zhě(modifier / structural particle)的de等待时间děng dài shí jiānmore更gèngshort短duǎn。 Tōngguò xīn liúchéng, shǐ huànzhě de děngdài shíjiān gèng duǎn. The new process is the means, and the shorter wait is the result. In A, the patients become the causers. In C, the pair never forms. Naming the hospital before to pass through通过tōng guò also works. hospital医院yī yuànto pass through通过tōng guònew新xīncourse流程liú chéng，to make使shǐpatient患者huàn zhě(modifier / structural particle)的de等待时间děng dài shí jiānmore更gèngshort短duǎn。 Yīyuàn tōngguò xīn liúchéng, shǐ huànzhě de děngdài shíjiān gèng duǎn. The hospital is the user of the means, and the wait is still the result.

5. if倘若tǎng ruòesteemed guest嘉宾jiā bīncannot不能bù néngto show up到场dào chǎng，used in 便宜便biàn另选lìng xuǎndate日期rì qī。 Tǎngruò jiābīn bù néng dàochǎng, biàn lìng xuǎn rìqī. The guest is the one who may be absent, and used in 便宜便biàn leads to a new date. not不bù stays bù before second-tone can / be able to能néng. The comma sits after the condition. Placing esteemed guest嘉宾jiā bīn after the comma makes the guest the person who chooses the date, which is a different claim.

6. 这家zhè jiāto cultivate培训péi xùncompany公司gōng sīvariant of 借借jièfree (of charge)免费miǎn fèia course of lectures讲座jiǎng zuò之名zhī míng，towards向xiàngaudience听众tīng zhòngto market推销tuī xiāoexpensive昂贵áng guìcourse课程kè chéng。 Zhè jiā péixùn gōngsī jiè miǎnfèi jiǎngzuò zhī míng, xiàng tīngzhòng tuīxiāo ángguì kèchéng. The free lectures are the cover, and the costly course is what is actually sold. Equally fine: to have / there is有yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的demechanism机构jī gòuvariant of 借借jièfree (of charge)免费miǎn fèia course of lectures讲座jiǎng zuò之名zhī míngto sell出售chū shòuexpensive昂贵áng guìcourse课程kè chéng。 Some organizations offer free lectures under the name of selling expensive courses. Keep variant of 借借jiè, free (of charge)免费miǎn fèia course of lectures讲座jiǎng zuò, 之名zhī míng, and the sale of expensive昂贵áng guìcourse课程kè chéng.

7. to pass through通过tōng guòwith / and跟gēnresident居民jū mínmany多duōto exchange交流jiāo liú，to make使shǐresident居民jū mínmore更gèngto trust信任xìn rèncommunity社区shè qū。 Through more communication with residents, greater trust in the community is fostered. More communication is the means, and the residents' greater trust in the community is the result. Equally fine: to pass through通过tōng guòand / with与yǔresident居民jū mínmany多duōto exchange交流jiāo liú，to make使shǐresident居民jū mínto / towards / correct对duìcommunity社区shè qūmore (than sth else)更加gèng jiāto trust信任xìn rèn。 Through more communication with residents, residents become more trusting of the community. Both answers keep resident居民jū mín and community社区shè qū in the result half.

8. we / us我们wǒ mento use以yǐlibrary图书馆tú shū guǎn(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yìtowards向xiàngto cooperate合作hé zuòcompany公司gōng sīto confirm确认què rènto combine联合lián héto read a book读书dú shūto exercise活动huó dòng(modifier / structural particle)的dedate日期rì qī。if倘若tǎng ruòFriday星期五xīng qī wǔbefore之前zhī qiánstill仍réngcannot不能bù néng确认书què rèn shūbill单dān，should该gāito exercise活动huó dòngused in 便宜便biànto postpone推迟tuī chíto hold (a meeting…举行jǔ xíng。 We confirmed the joint reading event date on behalf of the library to the partner company. If the book list cannot still be confirmed before Friday, the activity will be postponed. The first sentence uses the library's real name toward the partner company. The second keeps Friday as the deadline for the book list, with used in 便宜便biàn before the postponement. then / just就jiù can fill that same slot; this task asked for used in 便宜便biàn. Other formal verbs are fine when the library, the partner company, the book list and Friday all remain.

You have just left a team meeting and need a short written summary for people who were not there. Speaking to a colleague, you might mention what the group overlooked about the users, in a plain phrase. On the page, that same point tends to put on a more formal coat: a (nominalizer)所suǒ phrase that still means "what we overlooked," only in a more written voice.

(nominalizer)所suǒ + Verb + (modifier / structural particle)的de

(nominalizer)所suǒ + verb + (modifier / structural particle)的de turns the verb into a noun phrase with a formal, written tone. The phrase names the object of that verb: the thing overlooked, cited, worried about, or shown. English often renders it as "what (someone) …" or "that which is …ed."

The marker adds formality and leaves the meaning unchanged. Writers use the same frame in reports, letters, speeches, and introductions. In conversation, people usually stop at verb + (modifier / structural particle)的de. Both shapes refer to the same object. The shape with (nominalizer)所suǒ simply sounds more literary. In a chat it can feel stiff, while the grammar remains sound.

(nominalizer)所suǒ stands for the thing the verb acts on, so the verb is normally transitive, that is, able to take an object. she / her她tā(nominalizer)所suǒanxious担心dān xīn(modifier / structural particle)的de means "what she worries about." she / her她tā is the person who worries; the phrase itself is the thing worried about.

Put any subject before (nominalizer)所suǒ. After (modifier / structural particle)的de you may stop, or you may add a noun that names the object more fully. (nominalizer)所suǒto quote引用yǐn yòng(modifier / structural particle)的de and (nominalizer)所suǒto quote引用yǐn yòng(modifier / structural particle)的deevidence证据zhèng jù both point to the object; the noun makes the phrase more specific.

Forma

(Subject +) (nominalizer)所suǒ + Verb + (modifier / structural particle)的de (+ Noun)

(nominalizer)所suǒ comes immediately before the verb or a short verb phrase. want / think / miss想xiǎngto emphasize (a statement)强调qiáng diào and to need需要xū yàoto solve解决jiě jué can fill that verb slot. The object stays outside that slot. The whole phrase refers to the object, or the object noun follows (modifier / structural particle)的de.

Keep this frame separate from other words that use the character (nominalizer)所suǒ. so / therefore所以suǒ yǐ means "so," all所有suǒ yǒu means "all," and so-called所谓suǒ wèi means "so-called." Fixed expressions such as see 众所周知众所周知zhòng suǒ zhōu zhī, "as everyone knows," are ready-made. The pattern in this unit is the open frame you assemble yourself.

Ejemplos

company公司gōng sīthis year今年jīn nián(nominalizer)所suǒto face sth面临miàn lín(modifier / structural particle)的de最大zuì dàto challenge挑战tiǎo zhànto be / is是shì成本上升chéng běn shàng shēng。

Gōngsī jīnnián suǒ miànlín de zuì dà tiǎozhàn shì chéngběn shàngshēng. The biggest challenge the company faces this year is rising costs.

reader读者dú zhě(nominalizer)所suǒto be concerned about关心guān xīn(modifier / structural particle)的de，usually往往wǎng wǎngno不是bú shìslogan口号kǒu hào，rather而是ér shìplan计划jì huàcan / be able to能néngcannot不能bù nénggenuine真正zhēn zhèngto fall to the ground落地luò dì。

Dúzhě suǒ guānxīn de, wǎngwǎng bú shì kǒuhào, ér shì jìhuà néng bù néng zhēnzhèng luòdì. What readers care about is often not the slogan, but whether the plan can really be carried out.

Contraste

Drop (nominalizer)所suǒ and you have the ordinary spoken noun phrase. The meaning stays the same, while the formal feel falls away.

I / me我wǒwant / think / miss想xiǎngto express表达biǎo dá(modifier / structural particle)的deactually其实qí shídegree / adjective linker很hěnsimple简单jiǎn dān。

Wǒ xiǎng biǎodá de qíshí hěn jiǎndān. What I want to express is actually very simple.

I / me我wǒ(nominalizer)所suǒwant / think / miss想xiǎngto express表达biǎo dá(modifier / structural particle)的deactually其实qí shídegree / adjective linker很hěnsimple简单jiǎn dān。

Wǒ suǒ xiǎng biǎodá de qíshí hěn jiǎndān. What I want to express is actually very simple.

Choose the (nominalizer)所suǒ shape when the surrounding text is formal, and the plain shape when you are speaking or writing in a relaxed voice. (nominalizer)所suǒ is a literary dressing of "what is V-ed." It leaves exactness, politeness, and truth as they are. The frame fits a verb that can take an object. To describe the doer, or the action itself, use an ordinary clause.

Práctica — Parte 2

1. In the sentence below, what does she / her她tā(nominalizer)所suǒanxious担心dān xīn(modifier / structural particle)的de name?

she / her她tā(nominalizer)所suǒanxious担心dān xīn(modifier / structural particle)的de，we / us我们wǒ menalready已经yǐ jīng记在jì zàito inform报告bào gàoli, ancient measure of…里lǐ(completed / change)了le。

A) la persona que se preocupa B) la cosa de la que se preocupa C) el informe

2. ¿Qué oración utiliza correctamente el patrón formal (nominalizer)所suǒ + verbo + (modifier / structural particle)的de?

A) I / me我wǒwant / think / miss想xiǎngto emphasize (a statement)强调qiáng diào(modifier / structural particle)的deto be / is是shìdata数据shù jù(modifier / structural particle)的dereliability可靠性kě kào xìng。 B) I / me我wǒ(nominalizer)所suǒwant / think / miss想xiǎngto emphasize (a statement)强调qiáng diào(modifier / structural particle)的deto be / is是shìdata数据shù jù(modifier / structural particle)的dereliability可靠性kě kào xìng。 C) I / me我wǒso / therefore所以suǒ yǐwant / think / miss想xiǎngto emphasize (a statement)强调qiáng diào(modifier / structural particle)的deto be / is是shìdata数据shù jù(modifier / structural particle)的dereliability可靠性kě kào xìng。

3. ¿En qué posición correcta se coloca (nominalizer)所suǒ en la oración?

A) 这是zhè shìeveryone大家dà jiā(nominalizer)所suǒto look forward to期待qī dài(modifier / structural particle)的deoutcome结果jié guǒ。 B) this这zhèto be / is是shì(nominalizer)所suǒeveryone大家dà jiāto look forward to期待qī dài(modifier / structural particle)的deoutcome结果jié guǒ。 C) 这是zhè shìeveryone大家dà jiāto look forward to期待qī dài(nominalizer)所suǒ(modifier / structural particle)的deoutcome结果jié guǒ。

4. Coloca cada parte en orden una sola vez. Comienza con author作者zuò zhě. La oración debe indicar que la evidencia no es suficiente.

variant of 并并bìngnot不bùample充分chōng fèn / evidence证据zhèng jù / (nominalizer)所suǒ / author作者zuò zhě / (modifier / structural particle)的de / to quote引用yǐn yòng

5. Reescribe la oración hablada como escritura formal. Usa (nominalizer)所suǒ + verbo + (modifier / structural particle)的de, y mantiene funds资金zī jīnquestion问题wèn tí.

we / us我们wǒ mento need需要xū yàoto solve解决jiě jué(modifier / structural particle)的deto be / is是shìfunds资金zī jīnquestion问题wèn tí。

6. Escribe una oración para un folleto de museo. Usa (nominalizer)所suǒ + verbo + (modifier / structural particle)的de. Toma to put on display展览zhǎn lǎn como sujeto, y haz que el objeto sea 八十年代bā shí nián dàiordinary person普通人pǔ tōng rén(modifier / structural particle)的de日常生活rì cháng shēng huó.

Respuestas — Parte 2

1. B. she / her她tā(nominalizer)所suǒanxious担心dān xīn(modifier / structural particle)的de nombra el objeto de anxious担心dān xīn, la cosa de la que se preocupa. she / her她tā es solo el sujeto. El informe es el lugar donde se registra esa cosa.

she / her她tā(nominalizer)所suǒanxious担心dān xīn(modifier / structural particle)的de，we / us我们wǒ menalready已经yǐ jīng记在jì zàito inform报告bào gàoli, ancient measure of…里lǐ(completed / change)了le。

Tā suǒ dānxīn de, wǒmen yǐjīng jì zài bàogào l le. Ya hemos escrito lo que ella teme en el informe.

2. B. (nominalizer)所suǒ se sitúa directamente antes de la frase verbal want / think / miss想xiǎngto emphasize (a statement)强调qiáng diào, y el objeto es data数据shù jù(modifier / structural particle)的dereliability可靠性kě kào xìng. A es la estructura hablada simple, sin este marcador formal. C rompe la estructura con so / therefore所以suǒ yǐ, "por lo tanto".

I / me我wǒ(nominalizer)所suǒwant / think / miss想xiǎngto emphasize (a statement)强调qiáng diào(modifier / structural particle)的deto be / is是shìdata数据shù jù(modifier / structural particle)的dereliability可靠性kě kào xìng。

Wǒ suǒ xiǎng qiángdiào de shì shùjù de kěkàoxìng. Lo que quiero enfatizar es la fiabilidad de los datos.

3. A. El sujeto everyone大家dà jiā viene primero, luego (nominalizer)所suǒ, luego el verbo to look forward to期待qī dài, luego (modifier / structural particle)的de y el sustantivo objeto outcome结果jié guǒ. Pone (nominalizer)所suǒ antes del sujeto. C pone (nominalizer)所suǒ después del verbo.

这是zhè shìeveryone大家dà jiā(nominalizer)所suǒto look forward to期待qī dài(modifier / structural particle)的deoutcome结果jié guǒ。

Zhè shì dàjiā suǒ qīdài de jiéguǒ. Este es el resultado que todos esperan.

4. El sujeto author作者zuò zhě viene primero. (nominalizer)所suǒto quote引用yǐn yòng(modifier / structural particle)的deevidence证据zhèng jù nombra el objeto, la evidencia citada, y variant of 并并bìngnot不bùample充分chōng fèn hace un comentario sobre ella.

author作者zuò zhě(nominalizer)所suǒto quote引用yǐn yòng(modifier / structural particle)的deevidence证据zhèng jùvariant of 并并bìngnot不bùample充分chōng fèn。

Zuòzhě suǒ yǐnyòng de zhèngjù bìng bù chōngfèn. La evidencia que cita el autor no es suficiente.

5. Inserta (nominalizer)所suǒ antes de la frase verbal to need需要xū yàoto solve解决jiě jué. El objeto funds资金zī jīnquestion问题wèn tí permanece en su lugar. Una variante formal más corta, we / us我们wǒ men(nominalizer)所suǒto require需xūto solve解决jiě jué(modifier / structural particle)的deto be / is是shìfunds资金zī jīnquestion问题wèn tí, también es aceptable.

we / us我们wǒ men(nominalizer)所suǒto need需要xū yàoto solve解决jiě jué(modifier / structural particle)的deto be / is是shìfunds资金zī jīnquestion问题wèn tí。

Wǒmen suǒ xūyào jiějué de shì zījīn wèntí. Lo que necesitamos resolver es el problema de financiación.

we / us我们wǒ men(nominalizer)所suǒto require需xūto solve解决jiě jué(modifier / structural particle)的deto be / is是shìfunds资金zī jīnquestion问题wèn tí。

Wǒmen suǒ xū jiějué de shì zījīn wèntí. Lo que necesitamos resolver es el problema de financiación.

6. Modelo: to put on display展览zhǎn lǎn es el sujeto, (nominalizer)所suǒwant / will / need要yàoto reveal展示zhǎn shì nombra el objeto, y 八十年代bā shí nián dàiordinary person普通人pǔ tōng rén(modifier / structural particle)的de日常生活rì cháng shēng huó permanece intacto después de (modifier / structural particle)的de. Los verbos de mostrar como to appear呈现chéng xiàn o to mirror反映fǎn yìng también son adecuados en ese mismo marco.

这次zhè cìto put on display展览zhǎn lǎn(nominalizer)所suǒwant / will / need要yàoto reveal展示zhǎn shì(modifier / structural particle)的deto be / is是shì八十年代bā shí nián dàiordinary person普通人pǔ tōng rén(modifier / structural particle)的de日常生活rì cháng shēng huó。

Esta exposición busca mostrar la vida cotidiana de personas comunes en los 1980.