Learning Objective 11.1.A: Describe the movement of electric charges through a medium.
- 11.1.A.1 Current is the rate at which charge passes through a cross-sectional area of a wire.
- Equation: $I = \dfrac{\Delta q}{\Delta t}$
- 11.1.A.1.i Electric charge moves in a circuit in response to an electric potential difference, sometimes referred to as electromotive force, or $\mathrm{emf}$ ($\varepsilon$).
- 11.1.A.1.ii If the current is zero in a section of wire, the net motion of charge carriers in the wire is also zero, although individual charge carriers will not have zero speed.
- 11.1.A.2 Although current is not a vector quantity, it does have a direction. The direction of current is associated with what the motion of positive charge would be but not with any coordinate system in space.
- 11.1.A.2.i The direction of conventional current is chosen to be the direction in which positive charge would move.
- 11.1.A.2.ii In common circuits, current is actually due to the movement of electrons (negative charge carriers).
Tujuan Pembelajaran 11.1.A: Jelaskan pergerakan muatan listrik melalui suatu medium.
- 11.1.A.1 Arus adalah laju muatan yang melewati luas penampang kawat.
- Persamaan: $I = \dfrac{\Delta q}{\Delta t}$
- 11.1.A.1.i Muatan listrik bergerak dalam sirkuit sebagai respons terhadap beda potensial listrik, terkadang disebut sebagai gaya gerak listrik (electromotive force), atau $\mathrm{emf}$ ($\varepsilon$).
- 11.1.A.1.ii Jika arus bernilai nol pada bagian kawat, maka gerakan bersih pembawa muatan dalam kawat juga nol, meskipun pembawa muatan individu tidak memiliki kecepatan nol.
- 11.1.A.2 Meskipun arus bukanlah besaran vektor, arus memiliki arah. Arah arus dikaitkan dengan apa yang akan terjadi jika muatan positif bergerak, bukan dengan sistem koordinat mana pun di ruang.
- 11.1.A.2.i Arah arus konvensional dipilih sebagai arah di mana muatan positif akan bergerak.
- 11.1.A.2.ii Dalam sirkuit umum, arus sebenarnya disebabkan oleh pergerakan elektron (pembawa muatan negatif).

