University Medicine

1.1 Cell organisation and organelles 1.2 Membranes and transport 1.3 DNA replication and repair 1.4 Gene expression — transcription and translation 1.5 Regulation of gene expression 1.6 Cell signalling 1.7 Cell cycle, cell death and cancer biology

2.1 Proteins and protein structure 2.2 Enzymes and enzyme kinetics 2.3 Bioenergetics and glycolysis 2.4 TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation 2.5 Glycogen and gluconeogenesis 2.6 Lipid metabolism 2.7 Nitrogen metabolism and the urea cycle 2.8 Integration of metabolism: fed, fasting and diabetes

3.1 Anatomical language, planes and imaging 3.2 Upper limb 3.3 Lower limb 3.4 Thorax 3.5 Abdomen 3.6 Pelvis and perineum 3.7 Head and neck 3.8 Back and vertebral column

4.1 Microscopy and tissue preparation 4.2 Epithelium and connective tissue 4.3 Muscle and nervous tissue 4.4 Organ histology: circulatory, respiratory and digestive 4.5 Organ histology: urinary, endocrine, reproductive and skin 4.6 Early development: fertilisation to gastrulation 4.7 Organogenesis and congenital anomalies

5.1 Homeostasis and body fluids 5.2 Excitable cells and muscle 5.3 Cardiovascular physiology 5.4 Respiratory physiology 5.5 Renal physiology and acid–base 5.6 Gastrointestinal physiology 5.7 Endocrine and reproductive physiology

6.1 Chromosomes and karyotypes 6.2 Mendelian inheritance and pedigrees 6.3 Non-Mendelian inheritance 6.4 Mutation and variant interpretation 6.5 Population genetics 6.6 Genetic testing and counselling 6.7 Multifactorial disease and pharmacogenomics

7.1 Innate immunity 7.2 Antigen recognition: antibodies, receptors and MHC 7.3 Adaptive responses: T and B cells 7.4 Immunological memory and vaccination 7.5 Hypersensitivity 7.6 Autoimmunity and tolerance 7.7 Immunodeficiency and transplantation

8.1 Classification and the diagnostic laboratory 8.2 Bacteria: structure, growth and pathogenesis 8.3 Viruses 8.4 Fungi and parasites 8.5 Host–pathogen interaction and transmission 8.6 Antimicrobials and resistance 8.7 Infection prevention and control

9.1 Neurons, synapses and neurotransmitters 9.2 Somatosensory and pain pathways 9.3 Motor systems 9.4 Special senses 9.5 Autonomic nervous system 9.6 Higher functions: sleep, memory and language 9.7 Lesion localisation

10.1 Cell injury, adaptation and death 10.2 Inflammation and repair 10.3 Haemodynamic disorders 10.4 Neoplasia 10.5 Cardiovascular and respiratory pathology 10.6 Gastrointestinal, liver and renal pathology 10.7 Laboratory medicine and the pathology report

11.1 Pharmacokinetics 11.2 Pharmacodynamics 11.3 Autonomic pharmacology 11.4 Cardiovascular and renal drugs 11.5 Antimicrobial and anticancer drugs 11.6 CNS drugs and analgesia 11.7 Adverse reactions, interactions and safe-medication principles

12.1 Measuring disease: incidence and prevalence 12.2 Study designs 12.3 Bias, confounding and causation 12.4 Diagnostic tests 12.5 Statistical inference for clinical data 12.6 Clinical trials and systematic reviews 12.7 Critical appraisal and applying evidence

13.1 The consultation and history-taking 13.2 Principles of physical examination 13.3 Clinical reasoning and differential diagnosis 13.4 Communicating with patients 13.5 Medical ethics: autonomy, consent and confidentiality 13.6 Patient safety and quality 13.7 Public health and health systems