Introductions, Conclusions, and Development · ⁨المقدمة والخاتمة والتطوير⁩

Enduring Understanding (RHS-1): Individuals write within a particular situation and make strategic writing choices based on that situation.

Learning Objective 1.A: Reading – Identify and describe components of the rhetorical situation: the exigence, audience, writer, purpose, context, and message.

• RHS-1.I The introduction of an argument introduces the subject and/ or writer of the argument to the audience. An introduction may present the argument’s thesis. An introduction may orient, engage, and/or focus the audience by presenting quotations, intriguing statements, anecdotes, questions, statistics, data, contextualized information, or a scenario.
• RHS-1.J The conclusion of an argument brings the argument to a unified end. A conclusion may present the argument’s thesis. It may engage and/or focus the audience by explaining the significance of the argument within a broader context, making connections, calling the audience to act, suggesting a change in behavior or attitude, proposing a solution, leaving the audience with a compelling image, explaining implications, summarizing the argument, or connecting to the introduction.

Enduring Understanding (RHS-1): Individuals write within a particular situation and make strategic writing choices based on that situation.

Learning Objective 2.A: Writing – Write introductions and conclusions appropriate to the purpose and context of the rhetorical situation.

• RHS-1.I The introduction of an argument introduces the subject and/ or writer of the argument to the audience. An introduction may present the argument’s thesis. An introduction may orient, engage, and/or focus the audience by presenting quotations, intriguing statements, anecdotes, questions, statistics, data, contextualized information, or a scenario.
• RHS-1.J The conclusion of an argument brings the argument to a unified end. A conclusion may present the argument’s thesis. It may engage and/or focus the audience by explaining the significance of the argument within a broader context, making connections, calling the audience to act, suggesting a change in behavior or attitude, proposing a solution, leaving the audience with a compelling image, explaining implications, summarizing the argument, or connecting to the introduction.

Enduring Understanding (CLE-1): Writers make claims about subjects, rely on evidence that supports the reasoning that justifies the claim, and often acknowledge or respond to other, possibly opposing, arguments.

Learning Objective 3.B: Reading – Identify and describe the overarching thesis of an argument, and any indication it provides of the argument’s structure.

• CLE-1.O A thesis statement may preview the line of reasoning of an argument. This is not to say that a thesis statement must list the points of an argument, aspects to be analyzed, or specific evidence to be used in an argument.

Enduring Understanding (CLE-1): Writers make claims about subjects, rely on evidence that supports the reasoning that justifies the claim, and often acknowledge or respond to other, possibly opposing, arguments.

Learning Objective 4.B: Writing – Write a thesis statement that requires proof or defense and that may preview the structure of the argument.

• CLE-1.O A thesis statement may preview the line of reasoning of an argument. This is not to say that a thesis statement must list the points of an argument, aspects to be analyzed, or specific evidence to be used in an argument.

Enduring Understanding (REO-1): Writers guide understanding of a text’s lines of reasoning and claims through that text’s organization and integration of evidence.

Learning Objective 5.C: Reading – Recognize and explain the use of methods of development to accomplish a purpose.

• REO-1.G Methods of development are common approaches writers frequently use to develop and organize the reasoning of their arguments. A method of development provides an audience with the means to trace a writer’s reasoning in an argument.
• REO-1.K When developing ideas through comparison-contrast, writers present a category of comparison and then examine the similarities and/or differences between the objects of the comparison. When analyzing similarities and/or differences, like categories of comparison must be used.
• REO-1.L When developing ideas through a definition or description, writers relate the characteristics, features, or sensory details of an object or idea, sometimes using examples or illustrations.

Enduring Understanding (REO-1): Writers guide understanding of a text’s lines of reasoning and claims through that text’s organization and integration of evidence.

Learning Objective 6.C: Writing – Use appropriate methods of development to advance an argument.

• REO-1.G Methods of development are common approaches writers frequently use to develop and organize the reasoning of their arguments. A method of development provides an audience with the means to trace a writer’s reasoning in an argument.
• REO-1.K When developing ideas through comparison-contrast, writers present a category of comparison and then examine the similarities and/or differences between the objects of the comparison. When analyzing similarities and/or differences, like categories of comparison must be used.
• REO-1.L When developing ideas through a definition or description, writers relate the characteristics, features, or sensory details of an object or idea, sometimes using examples or illustrations.