The Same Four Threads, Finished · 同样的四根线索，终章
Unit 9 completes unit 8's claims
- Total war and political instability in the first half of the 20th century gave way to a polarised state order during the Cold War and eventually to efforts at transnational union.
- That sentence has three stages, and unit 8 delivered only the first — this unit delivers the other two.
- So 9.1 is less a new context than the second half of a sentence you already know.
第九单元完成第八单元的主张
- 20 世纪上半叶的总体战与政治动荡,让位于冷战期间两极化的国家秩序,并最终让位于跨国联合的种种努力。
- 那句话有三个阶段,而第八单元只交付了第一个——本单元交付另外两个。
- 因此 9.1 与其说是一个新的语境,不如说是你已经知道的那句话的后半部分。
Put the three stages of the CED's first thread in order. · 将CED第一根线索的三个阶段排序。
Unit 8 delivered only the first. · 第8单元仅涵盖了第一项。
The ideological battle narrows to two
- 8.1's battle was between and among democracy, communism, and fascism; after 1945 one of the three is defeated.
- So the polarised order is what remains when a three-way contest loses a party.
- The word polarised is exact: two poles, and states in Europe distributed between them.
意识形态之争收窄为两方
- 8.1 那场斗争是在民主、共产主义与法西斯主义之间及其内部;而 1945 年之后,三者之一被击败。
- 因此两极化的秩序,正是一场三方竞争失去一方之后所剩下的东西。
- 两极化这个词很精确:两个极,而欧洲各国分布在它们之间。
'Polarised' is exact because it means... · “两极化”一词精准，因为它意味着...
What remains when a three-way contest loses a party. · 三方竞争失去一方后剩下什么。
Knowledge and belief keep being questioned
- Diverse intellectual and cultural movements questioned the existence of objective knowledge, the ability of reason to arrive at truth, and the role of religion in determining moral standards.
- 9.14 will name the results: existentialism and postmodernism in the post-1945 period.
- So the thread that began with 5.8's Romanticism has not resolved by the end of the course, and the CED never claims it does.
知识与信念持续受到质疑
- 多种思想与文化运动质疑客观知识的存在、理性抵达真理的能力,以及宗教在确定道德标准中的作用。
- 9.14 将点出其结果:战后时期的存在主义与后现代主义。
- 因此从 5.8 浪漫主义开始的那条线索,直到课程结束都没有得到解决,而 CED 从未声称它得到了解决。
Which thread, in unit 9's form? · 第9单元的形式下，哪根线索？
Sort each statement into its thread. · 将每个陈述归类到其所属线索。
Select all · 所有 three verbs in the objective. · 选择目标中的所有三个动词。
Three verbs, three places to look. · 三个动词，三个查找位置。
The 'polarised state order' is what remains when a three-way contest loses a party. 8.1's ideological battle ran between and among democracy, communism, and fascism; after 1945 two poles remain, and European states are distributed between them.
"两极化的国家秩序"正是一场三方竞争失去一方之后所剩下的东西。8.1 那场意识形态之争是在民主、共产主义与法西斯主义之间及其内部;1945 年之后剩下两极,而欧洲各国分布在它们之间。
The knowledge thread has not resolved by the end of the course. · 知识线索到课程结束时仍未解决。
The CED never claims it does — 9.14 names existentialism and postmodernism. · CED从未声称其已解决——9.14提到了存在主义和后现代主义。
And everyday life keeps changing
- Demographic changes, economic growth, total war, disruptions of traditional social patterns, and competing definitions of freedom and justice altered the experiences of everyday life.
- In this unit that means the economic miracle, the baby boom, consumer culture, migration and civil-rights movements.
- Competing definitions of freedom and justice is the phrase that ties the daily thread to the ideological one.
而日常生活持续改变
- 人口变化、经济增长、总体战、传统社会模式的破裂,以及关于自由与正义的相互竞争的定义,改变了日常生活的经验。
- 在本单元中,这意味着经济奇迹、婴儿潮、消费文化、迁徙与民权运动。
- 关于自由与正义的竞争性定义这一措辞,把日常这条线索与意识形态那条系在一起。
Competing definitions of freedom and ____ tie the everyday thread to the ideological one. · 自由与____的竞争定义将日常线索与意识形态线索联系在一起。
The phrase appears in the fourth thread itself. · 该短语出现在第四根线索本身之中。
Developed, spread, and ended
- The objective is the context in which the Cold War developed, spread, and ended in Europe — three verbs again.
- Developed: a wartime alliance with deep-seated tensions and no shared conception of the state.
- Spread: a global stage, 9.3's phrase. Ended: 9.7's stagnation, reform and collapse.
发展、扩散与终结
- 这一目标是冷战在欧洲得以发展、扩散与终结的语境——又是三个动词。
- 发展:一个带着根深蒂固的紧张、且对国家没有共同构想的战时同盟。
- 扩散:一个全球舞台,这是 9.3 的措辞。终结:9.7 的停滞、改革与崩溃。
Two states that fought the same war on the same side disagree about what a state is for. While the fighting lasts, that disagreement is a background noise. When it stops, it is the only thing left to organise the map around.
两个在同一场战争中站在同一边作战的国家,对国家为何而存在存有分歧。战事持续期间,这一分歧只是背景噪音。战事停止之后,它就成了唯一可以据以组织地图的东西。
Unit 9 completes unit 8's four threads: total war gave way to a polarised state order during the Cold War and eventually to efforts at transnational union; the ideological battle narrows from three parties to two; movements keep questioning objective knowledge, reason, and religion's moral role; and competing definitions of freedom and justice continue to alter everyday life. The objective's three verbs are developed, spread, and ended.
第九单元完成第八单元的四条线索:总体战让位于冷战期间两极化的国家秩序,并最终让位于跨国联合的努力;意识形态之争从三方收窄为两方;各种运动持续质疑客观知识、理性与宗教的道德作用;而关于自由与正义的竞争性定义继续改变日常生活。这一目标的三个动词是发展、扩散与终结。