Empire's Two Effects · 帝国的两种影响
One sentence, two directions
- Imperial endeavours significantly affected society, diplomacy, and culture in Europe and created resistance to foreign control abroad.
- The sentence turns on and: effects in Europe, and resistance abroad.
- The objective's own wording — both European and non-European societies — makes the two-sidedness compulsory.
一句话,两个方向
- 帝国事业显著影响了欧洲的社会、外交与文化,并在海外造就了对外来控制的抵抗。
- 这句话的转折点在并:在欧洲的效应,以及在海外的抵抗。
- 这一目标自身的措辞——欧洲与非欧洲社会两者——使双面性成为必需。
Select all · 所有 three European domains the CED names. · 选择CED列出的所有三个欧洲领域。
Plus resistance abroad, in the same sentence. · 加上国外的抵抗，在同一句话中提及。
Effects in Europe: three named domains
- Society: populations, goods and people moving along imperial routes; new occupations and new hierarchies at home.
- Diplomacy: overseas claims became a subject of European negotiation, and 7.3's alliances a way of managing them.
- Culture: images, languages and ideas about difference circulating in European life, including 7.4's racialist theories.
在欧洲的效应:三个被点名的领域
- 社会:人口、商品与人沿着帝国航路移动;本土出现新的职业与新的等级。
- 外交:海外的主张成为欧洲谈判的议题,而 7.3 的同盟成为管理它们的方式。
- 文化:关于差异的图像、语言与观念在欧洲生活中流通,包括 7.4 的种族主义理论。
The CED's verb for resistance abroad is... · CED关于国外抵抗的动词是...
Which makes resistance a product of empire. · 这使得抵抗成为帝国的产物。
Resistance abroad
- Created resistance to foreign control is the CED's own phrase, and created makes it a product of empire.
- So resistance is not an interruption of the imperial story; it is part of what the story produced.
- An answer that describes only what Europeans did has left out half of the CED's sentence.
海外的抵抗
- 造就了对外来控制的抵抗是 CED 自己的措辞,而造就使之成为帝国的产物。
- 因此抵抗不是帝国故事的中断;它是这个故事所产生之物的一部分。
- 只描述欧洲人做了什么的答案,漏掉了 CED 这句话的一半。
The CED's intensifier is that imperial endeavours ____ affected Europe. · CED的强调词在于帝国举措____影响了欧洲。
It licenses treating empire as a cause of European developments. · 它授权将帝国视为欧洲发展的原因。
The CED says imperial endeavours created resistance to foreign control abroad. Resistance is therefore a product of empire, not an interruption of it — and an answer describing only what Europeans did has left out half of a one-sentence claim.
**CED 说帝国事业造就了海外对外来控制的抵抗。**因此抵抗是帝国的产物,而不是对它的中断——而只描述欧洲人做了什么的答案,漏掉了这一句主张的一半。
Which effect of empire? · 哪种帝国影响？
Sort each consequence of imperial endeavours. · 对帝国举措的每个后果进行分类。
An answer describing only what Europeans did has left out half of the CED's claim. · 仅描述欧洲人做了什么的答案遗漏了CED主张的一半。
The objective says both · 两者 European and non-European societies. · 该目标涵盖两者：欧洲和非欧洲社会。
'Significantly' is the CED's own weight
- The CED rarely uses an intensifier, and here it does: imperial endeavours significantly affected Europe.
- That licenses treating empire as a cause of European developments, not just a European activity.
- So an essay may legitimately explain a domestic change by pointing overseas.
"显著"是 CED 自己给出的分量
- CED 很少使用加强语,而这里它用了:帝国事业显著影响了欧洲。
- 这就允许把帝国当作欧洲各项发展的成因,而不只是一项欧洲活动。
- 因此一篇论文可以正当地通过指向海外来解释一项本土的变化。
The strongest structure for this objective is... · 针对该目标的最强结构是...
The link is usually one technology or institution seen from two ends. · 这种联系通常是从两端观察到的某种技术或制度。
Writing both societies
- The strongest structure is symmetrical: one European domain, one form of resistance, and a link between them.
- The link is usually the same technology or institution seen from two ends — a railway, an administration, a school.
- That symmetry is what the objective's both is asking for.
书写两种社会
- 最有力的结构是对称的:一个欧洲领域、一种抵抗形式,以及两者之间的一条联系。
- 这条联系通常是同一种技术或机构从两端被看见——一条铁路、一套行政体系、一所学校。
- 这种对称正是这一目标中的两者所要求的。
A rail line built to move raw materials to a port also moves people, newspapers and organisers between towns that had never been a day apart. The same track serves the administration and the movement that opposes it.
一条为把原料运往港口而修建的铁路,同样也在那些从未相隔一日路程的城镇之间运送人、报纸与组织者。同一段铁轨既服务于行政当局,也服务于反对它的运动。
Imperial endeavours significantly affected society, diplomacy, and culture in Europe and created resistance to foreign control abroad. Three domains at home — society, diplomacy, culture — and created resistance abroad, which makes opposition a product of empire. Significantly is the CED's own intensifier, licensing empire as a cause of European developments.
帝国事业显著影响了欧洲的社会、外交与文化,并在海外造就了对外来控制的抵抗。本土三个领域——社会、外交、文化——以及海外被造就的抵抗,这使反对成为帝国的产物。显著是 CED 自己的加强语,它允许把帝国当作欧洲各项发展的成因。