HSK 5 Grammar 2: Adverbs — Focus and Judgment
HSK · HSK · HSK 5 Tópico 2 9:27 Narração em inglês · Legendas em inglês + 中文 gravadas
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The group is still in the office. The clock says eleven forty, later than anyone planned. One classmate calls himself a careful editor, but the title on his slide is wrong. A new teammate joined today, and you want the leader to give her time. Another teammate has gone out, but you expect him to come back. You also need a travel story with a clear ending: you nearly missed the last train, and you did catch it. Each pattern below does one of these jobs.
Besides all, this lesson uses dou in two clear ways. For even, the unexpected item stands before dou: ta ji de mingzi dou xie cuo le, she is so anxious she even writes her name wrong. For already, dou plus a reached point plus le: dou shiyidian sishi le, it is already eleven forty, why are you still editing. Read what dou applies to before you choose all, even or already. Tang dou liang le, the soup has gone cold, is a reached state not a clock.
The targeted pattern is hai plus a claimed role or experience plus ne, then a fact that clashes. Hai xixin bianji ne, biaoti xie cuo le, some careful editor, the title is wrong. Hai zai Yingguo zhu guo yi nian ne, ditietu kan bu dong, he even lived in Britain for a year, yet cannot read the underground map. The same shape is not automatically mockery: ta hai zai gaigao ne, he is still editing, is a reminder not sarcasm. Choose from the job the speaker is doing.
For bound-to or have-to, put an auxiliary straight after zong. Hui looks ahead to an expected outcome: zhe li shi ta de jia, ta zong hui hui lai de, this is his home, he is bound to return. Dei and yao say something has to be done: zanmen zong dei jin wan hui youjian ba, we have to reply to the email tonight. Neng says the ability is there. The contrast: ta zong chidao, he is always late, needs no auxiliary and is a habit, not an expectation. Zong hui hao de, things will be all right, is reassurance about one outcome.
Put bijing inside the reason clause: ta bijing shi jintian cai jiaru de, she only joined today, after all. The judgment may be patience, a decision not to change something, or respect for another person's choice. The word does not prove the fact; the speaker treats the fact as relevant and can still be wrong. The contrast: fanzheng does another job — fanzheng jinwan bu gai le, mingtian zai kan, anyway we won't change it tonight, sets the discussion aside rather than giving a reason.
For a desired result, subject plus cha dian mei plus verb, then a second clause stating the real outcome. Wo chadian mei ganshang huoche, xinghao zuihou ganshang le, I nearly failed to catch the train; luckily I caught it in the end. The catch is known from xinghao zuihou ganshang le, not from mei alone. The boundary: a bare chadian mei sentence gives no ending, and mei is not universal proof of success. If the ending matters, say it.
This section, Practice — Part 1, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
This section, Answers — Part 1, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
This section, When half the plan is still open, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
Three jobs in an open plan. Fanzheng sets other discussion aside and states what stands: I will be there at nine anyway. Jinliang marks effort inside a real limit: I will do my best to send it tonight. Huxiang marks a two-way action: look at each other’s notes.
Jinguan encourages someone to go ahead: ask whatever questions you have. Gancui ends a fiddly choice with a direct action: let’s just take a taxi. Read the speaker’s job before choosing the word.
This section, 尽量, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
This section, 互相, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
This section, 尽管, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
This section, 干脆, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
This section, Practice — Part 2, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
This section, Answers — Part 2, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
Zai ye bu looks forward to never again; zai ye mei reports that something has not recurred. Zengjing refers to a past experience: he once lived in Beijing. Zaisan marks repetition: he reminded us again and again.
Jianzhi adds emphasis: I simply cannot believe it. Shunbian introduces something done by the way or conveniently: by the way, let me ask. These words have different jobs even when an English translation sounds similar.
This section, 曾经, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
This section, 再三, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
This section, 简直, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
This section, 顺便, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
This section, Practice — Part 3, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
This section, Answers — Part 3, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
Zai bu followed by jiu gives a deadline warning: if we do not go now, we will miss it. Hao bu rongyi followed by cai describes finally managing something with effort, such as getting a ticket. Bai plus a verb describes doing something in vain: went for nothing.
Verb, le, you, verb stacks actions with a mild complaint: ate and ate. Cha henduo describes a large difference: the prices differ a lot. Keep both the form and its job in view.
This section, 好（不）容易……才……, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
This section, 白 + verb, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
This section, 动词 + 了 + 又 + 动词, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
This section, 差很多, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
This section, Practice — Part 4, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
This section, Answers — Part 4, is covered in the handout. Read the examples there and trace the pattern to its job.
Read the speaker’s job. Fanzheng sets other talk aside while one point stands. Jinliang describes effort inside a named limit. Huxiang means both parties act. These are the first three choices in the summary.
Jinguan gives permission or encouragement to go ahead. Gancui says stop deliberating and take a direct way out. Zai ye bu looks forward: a promise or resolution never to do something again.
Zai ye mei looks backward and reports that something has not recurred. Compare it with the forward-looking zai ye bu. The handout practice tests these choices in new sentences.
Pause and check both. First, dou shiyidian sishi le marks already, presenting the late time as a push. Second, hai haopengyou ne is criticism of a claim, because the claimed role clashes with the fact. Every other answer traces back to the adverbs taught in this handout, from fanzheng through to cha henduo.