Causes of Migration
Introduced| English | Meaning |
|---|---|
| migration/maɪˈɡreɪʃn/ | A permanent move to a new home. |
| push factors/pʊʃ ˈfæktəz/ | Conditions in a place of origin that encourage people to leave, such as insecurity or limited opportunities. |
| pull factors/pʊl ˈfæktəz/ | Conditions at a destination that attract people to move there, such as work, family links or perceived safety. |
Why people move
- Migration 迁移 is a permanent move to a new home.
- Every move is a balance of push factors 推力 and pull factors 拉力.
- Push = reasons to leave; pull = reasons to arrive.
Push factors
- Push factors drive people away from their home.
- Examples: war, poverty, no jobs, natural disaster, persecution.
- Push factors are usually negative things about the origin.
Push and pull factors influence movement; costs and borders may constrain it
A push factor is best described as...
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A push factor is a negative thing about the origin that drives people away.
Select all push factors.
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War, disaster, and unemployment are pushes; safety abroad is a pull.
Pull factors
- Pull factors draw people toward a new place.
- Examples: jobs, safety, family, freedom, better services.
- Ravenstein's laws note most migrants move short distances for economic reasons.
Push or pull factor?
Sort each reason as a push (from the origin) or pull (to the destination) factor.
Ravenstein's laws say most migrants move very long distances for cultural reasons.
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Ravenstein found most moves are short and mainly economic.
A reason that draws a migrant toward a destination is a ____ factor.
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Pull factors are the positive attractions of the destination.
Match each factor to its type.
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War = push; jobs = pull; distance = the intervening obstacle between them.
Push and pull often describe the same thing from two sides. "No jobs at home" is a push; "jobs abroad" is a pull. On the exam, tie each factor to a side — push to the origin, pull to the destination — and do not list the same reason twice.
A young worker leaves a village because farm work has dried up (a push) and moves to the capital because factories are hiring (a pull). Between them lies an intervening obstacle — the cost and distance of the journey.
Migration is a permanent move driven by push factors (bad things about the origin) and pull factors (good things about the destination), across an intervening obstacle. Ravenstein noted most moves are short and economic.
Write from a factory closing as a push
- A factory closes and local jobs disappear.
- Another country offers visas for the same skilled trade.
Which factor is the push?
Push factors are problems at the origin.
What kind of factor is the factory closing?
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Lost jobs push people to look elsewhere.