Artificial intelligence · 人工智能
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| AI/ˌeɪ ˈaɪ/ | 人工智能 | rén gōng zhì néng |
| narrow AI/ˈnærəʊ ˌeɪ ˈaɪ/ | 弱人工智能 | ruò rén gōng zhì néng |
| general AI/ˈdʒenərəl ˌeɪ ˈaɪ/ | 通用人工智能 | tōng yòng rén gōng zhì néng |
| strong AI/strɒŋ ˌeɪ ˈaɪ/ | 强人工智能 | qiǎng rén gōng zhì néng |
| expert systems/ˈekspɜːt ˈsɪstəmz/ | 专家系统 | zhuān jiā xì tǒng |
| natural language processing/ˈnætʃərəl ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ˈprəʊsesɪŋ/ | 自然语言处理 | zì rán yǔ yán chǔ lǐ |
Machines that seem to think
- AI 人工智能 is the simulation of human intelligence by computer systems.
- It means a computer doing tasks that normally need human thinking.
- AI is grouped into three levels — only one of which exists today.
似乎在思考的机器
- AI(人工智能)是计算机系统对人类智能的模拟。
- 它意味着一台计算机做通常需要人类思考的任务。
- AI 被分为三个级别——其中只有一个在今天存在。
Computing concept lab · 计算概念实验
Classify concrete examples by the computing idea they demonstrate. · 根据它们所演示的计算概念对具体示例进行分类。
Characteristics of AI
- AI systems collect data and the rules for using it.
- They can reason (work things out with the rules) and draw conclusions — which may be approximate (a best guess) or definite.
- They can learn from data and adapt — changing their behaviour as they get new data.
Narrow AI 弱人工智能 does one task (all AI today); general AI 通用人工智能 could do any human task; strong AI 强人工智能 would be self-aware — neither exists yet.
AI 的特征
- AI 系统收集数据和使用它的规则。
- 它们能推理(用规则把事情想清楚)并得出结论——结论可能是近似的(一个最佳猜测)或确定的。
- 它们能从数据学习并适应——随着获得新数据改变它们的行为。
狭义 AI 做一个任务(今天所有的 AI);通用 AI 能做任何人类任务;强 AI 会有自我意识——两者都还不存在。
Artificial intelligence is: · 人工智能是：
AI is a computer doing tasks that normally need human thinking. · AI是计算机执行通常需要人类思维的任务。
Which is a characteristic of an AI system? · 哪一项是AI系统的特征？
AI collects data + rules, reasons, draws conclusions, learns and adapts. · AI收集数据和规则，进行推理，得出结论，学习并适应。
Examples and levels of AI
- Examples: expert systems 专家系统 (advice like a human expert, e.g. medical diagnosis), natural language processing 自然语言处理, and self-driving cars.
- Narrow AI — does only one task or a small set (e.g. a chess program). All AI today is narrow AI.
- General AI — could do any task a human can. Strong AI — would think and be self-aware like a human mind. Neither exists yet.
A self-driving car: sensors on the car let a computer steer it with no driver
AI 的例子和级别
- 例子:专家系统(expert systems,像人类专家一样的建议,例如医疗诊断)、自然语言处理(natural language processing),和自动驾驶汽车。
- 狭义 AI(narrow AI)——只做一个任务或一小组(例如一个国际象棋程序)。今天所有的 AI 都是狭义 AI。
- 通用 AI(general AI)——能做任何人类能做的任务。强 AI(strong AI)——会像人类心智一样思考并有自我意识。两者都还不存在。
一辆自动驾驶汽车:车上的传感器让一台计算机在没有司机的情况下驾驶它
Match each AI term to what it means. · 将每个AI术语与其含义匹配。
AI simulates thinking; expert systems advise from rules; today's AI is all narrow; strong AI does not yet exist. · AI模拟思考；专家系统根据规则提供建议；今天的AI都是窄AI；强AI尚不存在。
Narrow AI: · 窄AI：
Narrow AI is task-specific (e.g. chess); general and strong AI do not exist yet. · 窄AI是针对特定任务的（例如下棋）；通用AI和强AI尚不存在。
All AI in use today is narrow AI (good at one specific task); strong AI, with human-like self-awareness, does not yet exist. · 今天使用的全部AI都是窄AI（擅长某项特定任务）；具有类人自我意识的强AI尚不存在。
A chess engine or a recommender is narrow AI; a self-aware, general mind (strong AI) remains theoretical. · 国际象棋引擎或推荐系统是窄AI；具有自我意识的通用心智（强AI）仍属理论范畴。
The limits of AI
AI is only as good as its data. A system trained on biased or incomplete data makes biased decisions. AI can recognise patterns superbly but does not truly "understand" — judgement and oversight still matter.
AI 的局限
AI 只和它的数据一样好。 一个用有偏见或不完整的数据训练的系统做出有偏见的决定。AI 能极好地识别模式,但并不真正"理解"——判断和监督仍然重要。
You've got it
- AI = a computer simulating human intelligence
- AI characteristics: collect data + rules, reason, draw conclusions, learn, adapt
- examples: expert systems, NLP, self-driving cars
- narrow (all AI today) → general → strong (self-aware, not yet real)
你掌握了
- AI = 一台计算机模拟人类智能
- AI 特征:收集数据 + 规则、推理、得出结论、学习、适应
- 例子:专家系统、NLP、自动驾驶汽车
- 狭义(今天所有的 AI)→ 通用 → 强(有自我意识,还不是现实)