Network hardware · 网络硬件
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| network interface card/ˈnetwɜːk ˈɪntəfeɪs kɑːd/ | 网络接口卡 | wǎng luò jiē kǒu kǎ |
| MAC address/mæk əˈdres/ | MAC地址 | MAC dì zhǐ |
| IP address/ˌaɪ ˈpiː əˈdres/ | 网际协议地址 | wǎng jì xié yì dì zhǐ |
| router/ˈruːtə/ | 路由器 | lù yóu qì |
The boxes that connect us
- To join a network, a device needs a network interface card 网络接口卡.
- Devices are identified by a MAC address MAC地址 and an IP address 网际协议地址.
- A router 路由器 connects different networks together.
连接我们的盒子
- 要加入一个网络,一个设备需要一张网络接口卡(network interface card)。
- 设备由一个 MAC 地址和一个 IP 地址标识。
- 一个路由器(router)把不同的网络连在一起。
Network route lab · 网络路由实验
Follow data from a device through network hardware and protocols. · 跟踪设备通过网络硬件和协议的数据传输路径。
Network interface card (NIC)
- A NIC is the hardware that lets a device join a network and send/receive data.
- Each NIC has a built-in MAC address.
Inside a hard disk drive (HDD): the shiny disk spins and the arm reads the magnetised data
A digital camera: a lens focuses light onto a sensor that records the pixels
网络接口卡(NIC)
- 一张 NIC 是让一个设备加入网络并发送/接收数据的硬件。
- 每张 NIC 都有一个内置的 MAC 地址。
一个硬盘驱动器(HDD)内部:光亮的磁盘旋转,臂读取磁化的数据
一台数码相机:一个镜头把光聚焦到一个记录像素的传感器上
Match each piece of network hardware to its job. · 将每件网络硬件与其功能匹配。
A NIC joins a device on; a switch forwards inside the LAN; a router joins networks; the MAC is the device's fixed ID. · 网卡使设备接入网络；交换机在局域网内转发；路由器连接网络；MAC是设备的固定ID。
MAC address vs IP address
- A MAC address identifies one physical device. The maker sets it, it does not normally change, and it is written in hexadecimal.
- An IP address identifies a device on a network. It is given by the network and can change.
- So the MAC stays with the device; the IP depends on the network it's using.
An optical mouse: a light and a sensor track its movement on the desk
MAC 地址对 IP 地址
- 一个 MAC 地址标识一个物理设备。制造商设置它,它通常不改变,且以十六进制书写。
- 一个 IP 地址标识一个网络上的设备。它由网络给予,能改变。
- 所以 MAC 与设备绑定;IP 取决于它正在使用的网络。
一个光学鼠标:一束光和一个传感器追踪它在桌上的移动
Which is true of a MAC address compared with an IP address? · 关于MAC地址与IP地址，哪项描述是正确的？
The MAC stays with the device (set by the maker, written in hex); the IP depends on the network and can change. · MAC地址随设备保留（由制造商设定，以十六进制书写）；IP地址取决于网络且可能改变。
A MAC address is normally written in hexadecimal. · MAC地址通常以十六进制书写。
MAC addresses are written in hexadecimal (e.g. AC:DE:48:00:11:22). · MAC地址以十六进制书写（例如AC:DE:48:00:11:22）。
A device's IP address can change depending on the network it is using. · 设备的IP地址可能因其使用的网络不同而改变。
IP addresses are assigned by the network, so the same device can have different IPs on different networks. · IP地址由网络分配，因此同一设备在不同网络上可拥有不同的IP。
Router
- A router connects different networks together — e.g. your home network to the internet.
- It reads the IP address in each packet and forwards it towards the right network.
A laser printer uses a laser and powder (toner) fixed onto paper by heat
路由器
- 一个路由器把不同的网络连在一起——例如你的家庭网络连到互联网。
- 它读取每个数据包中的 IP 地址并把它转发向正确的网络。
一台激光打印机使用一束激光和由热固定到纸上的粉末(墨粉)
A router: · 路由器：
A router joins networks (e.g. home to internet) and forwards each packet using its destination IP. · 路由器连接网络（如家庭网络到互联网）并使用目标IP地址转发每个数据包。
You've got it
- a NIC lets a device join a network and holds its MAC address
- MAC = fixed to the physical device (hex, set by the maker); IP = from the network, can change
- a router connects networks and forwards packets by their IP address
你掌握了
- 一张 NIC 让一个设备加入网络并持有它的 MAC 地址
- MAC = 固定于物理设备(十六进制,由制造商设置);IP = 来自网络,能改变
- 一个路由器连接网络并按数据包的 IP 地址转发它们