Input and output devices · 输入和输出设备
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| input device/ˈɪnpʊt dɪˈvaɪs/ | 输入设备 | shū rù shè bèi |
| output device/ˈaʊtpʊt dɪˈvaɪs/ | 输出设备 | shū chū shè bèi |
| barcode/ˈbɑːkəʊd/ | 条形码 | tiáo xíng mǎ |
| sensors/ˈsensəz/ | 传感器 | chuán gǎn qì |
| touch screen/tʌtʃ skriːn/ | 触摸屏 | chù mō píng |
| resistive/rɪˈzɪstɪv/ | 电阻式 | diàn zǔ shì |
| capacitive/kəˈpæsɪtɪv/ | 电容式 | diàn róng shì |
| toner/ˈtəʊnə/ | 墨粉 | mò fěn |
| actuator/ˈæktʃuːeɪtə/ | 执行器 | zhí xíng qì |
Talking to the computer
- An input device 输入设备 sends data into the computer.
- An output device 输出设备 sends results out to the user.
- Knowing how each works (and which is which) is a common exam task.
与计算机对话
- 一个输入设备(input device)把数据送进计算机。
- 一个输出设备(output device)把结果送出给用户。
- 知道每个如何工作(以及哪个是哪个)是一个常见的考试任务。
Device and storage lab · 设备和存储实验室
Classify computing examples by what job they do in a system. · 根据计算示例在系统中的功能进行分类。
Input devices
- Keyboard (sends a code per key), optical mouse (light + sensor tracks movement).
- Barcode 条形码/QR scanner (reads a pattern), digital camera (lens → sensor → pixels).
- Microphone (sound → electrical signal), sensors 传感器 (measure a physical quantity).
- A touch screen 触摸屏 is also an input device.
A sensor measures a physical quantity and sends it to the computer as input
An inkjet printer sprays tiny drops of ink onto the paper
输入设备
- 键盘(每个键发送一个代码)、光学鼠标(光 + 传感器追踪移动)。
- 条形码/QR 扫描器(读取一个图案)、数码相机(镜头 → 传感器 → 像素)。
- 麦克风(声音 → 电信号)、传感器(测量一个物理量)。
- 一个触摸屏也是一个输入设备。
一个传感器测量一个物理量并把它作为输入送给计算机
一台喷墨打印机把微小的墨滴喷到纸上
Which is an input device? · 哪个是输入设备？
A scanner brings data in. Projectors, speakers and printers are output devices. · 扫描仪将数据输入。投影仪、扬声器和打印机是输出设备。
Sort these into input or output. · 将这些分类为输入或输出。
Microphones and sensors bring data in; speakers send sound out. · 麦克风和传感器将数据输入；扬声器向外发送声音。
Touch screen types
- Resistive 电阻式 — two layers are pressed together where you touch.
- Capacitive 电容式 — it senses the tiny electric charge of your finger (used in phones).
- Infrared — your finger breaks a grid of light beams.
A keyboard: each key press sends a code for that character
触摸屏类型
- 电阻式(resistive)——你触摸的地方两层被压在一起。
- 电容式(capacitive)——它感测你手指的微小电荷(用于手机)。
- 红外式(infrared)——你的手指打断一个光束网格。
一个键盘:每次按键为那个字符发送一个代码
A capacitive touch screen works by: · 电容式触摸屏的工作原理是：
Capacitive screens detect the finger's charge (multi-touch, used in phones); resistive presses layers; infrared breaks beams. · 电容屏检测手指电荷（多点触控，用于手机）；电阻屏按压层间接触；红外屏破坏光束。
Output devices
- LCD/LED screen and projector show images; speaker makes sound.
- Inkjet printer sprays ink drops; laser printer uses a laser + toner 墨粉 fixed by heat; 3D printer builds an object layer by layer.
- An actuator 执行器 turns a signal into movement (a motor or valve).
An actuator turns a signal into movement — here a small electric motor
A flatbed scanner: it shines light across a page to copy it into the computer
输出设备
- LCD/LED 屏幕和投影仪显示图像;扬声器发出声音。
- 喷墨打印机喷墨滴;激光打印机使用激光 + 由热固定的墨粉;3D 打印机逐层建造一个物体。
- 一个执行器(actuator)把一个信号变成运动(一个电机或阀门)。
一个执行器把一个信号变成运动——这里是一个小型电动机
一台平板扫描器:它把光扫过一页以把它复制进计算机
An actuator is an output device that: · 致动器是一种输出设备，它能：
An actuator (motor, valve) converts a signal into physical movement. · 致动器（电机、阀门）将信号转换为物理运动。
A laser printer fuses toner powder onto paper with heat, an inkjet sprays tiny drops of ink, and a 3D printer builds an object up in layers. · 激光打印机利用热量将碳粉固定在纸上，喷墨打印机喷射微小墨滴，而3D打印机逐层构建物体。
Three different output technologies: laser (toner + heat), inkjet (sprayed ink), 3D (layer-by-layer). · 三种不同的输出技术：激光（碳粉+热量）、喷墨（喷射墨水）、3D（逐层堆叠）。
You've got it
- input brings data in (keyboard, scanner, sensor, camera, mic, touch screen)
- touch screens: resistive (pressed layers), capacitive (finger charge), infrared (broken beams)
- output sends results out (screen, printer, speaker, actuator = movement)
- inkjet sprays ink; laser uses toner fixed by heat
你掌握了
- 输入把数据带进来(键盘、扫描器、传感器、相机、麦克风、触摸屏)
- 触摸屏:电阻式(压住的层)、电容式(手指电荷)、红外式(打断的光束)
- 输出把结果送出去(屏幕、打印机、扬声器、执行器 = 运动)
- 喷墨喷墨;激光使用由热固定的墨粉