Naming organic compounds · 有机化合物的命名
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| prefix/ˈpriːfɪks/ | 前缀 | qián zhuì |
| suffix/ˈsʌfɪks/ | 后缀 | hòu zhuì |
| alkane/ˈælkeɪn/ | 烷烃 | wán tīng |
| alkene/ˈælkiːn/ | 烯烃 | xī tīng |
| alcohol/ˈælkəhɒl/ | 醇 | chún |
Cracking the code of a name
- With millions of carbon compounds, chemists need a systematic way to name them.
- The name tells you the chain length and the family.
破解一个名称的密码
- 有数百万种碳化合物,化学家需要一个系统的方式给它们命名。
- 名称告诉你链长(chain length)和族。
Organic naming route · 有机命名路径
Follow the route from structure to systematic name. · 遵循从结构到系统命名的路径。
How many carbon atoms does the prefix "prop-" indicate? · 前缀“prop-”表示有多少个碳原子？
meth-(1), eth-(2), prop-(3), but-(4). · meth-(1), eth-(2), prop-(3), but-(4)。
How many carbon atoms are in butane? · 丁烷中有多少个碳原子？
but- means 4 carbons. · but- 意味着 4 个碳。
The prefix 前缀 = chain length
- The first part of the name shows how many carbon atoms: meth- (1), eth- (2), prop- (3), but- (4).
- So "propane" has 3 carbons, "butene" has 4.
A saturated compound has single C-C bonds; an unsaturated one has a C=C double bond
前缀 = 链长
- 名称的第一部分显示有多少个碳原子:meth-(1)、eth-(2)、prop-(3)、but-(4)。
- 所以"propane"(丙烷)有 3 个碳,"butene"(丁烯)有 4 个。
一个饱和的化合物有单 C-C 键;一个不饱和的有一个 C=C 双键
The suffix "-ol" tells you the compound is a(n): · 后缀“-ol”告诉你该化合物是：
-ol means alcohol. · -ol 表示醇。
The suffix "-ene" tells you the compound is an . · 后缀“-ene”告诉你该化合物是一种。
-ene means alkene. · -ene 意味着烯烃。
The suffix 后缀 = family
- The ending shows the family: -ane (alkane 烷烃), -ene (alkene 烯烃), -ol (alcohol 醇), -oic acid (carboxylic acid).
- So "ethanol" is a 2-carbon alcohol.
后缀 = 族
- 词尾显示族:-ane(烷烃)、-ene(烯烃)、-ol(醇)、-oic acid(羧酸)。
- 所以"ethanol"(乙醇)是一个 2-碳的醇。
Ethanol contains how many carbon atoms? · 乙醇含有多少个碳原子？
eth- = 2 carbons; -ol = alcohol. · eth- = 2 个碳；-ol = 醇。
Putting it together
- Combine the prefix and suffix: prop + ene = propene (3-carbon alkene).
- meth + anol = methanol (1-carbon alcohol).
Worked example. What is "butanol"? But- means 4 carbons; -ol means an alcohol. So butanol is a 4-carbon alcohol. The name decodes the structure.
把它放在一起
- 组合前缀和后缀:prop + ene = propene(丙烯,3-碳烯烃)。
- meth + anol = methanol(甲醇,1-碳醇)。
例题。 "butanol"(丁醇)是什么?But- 意味着 4 个碳;-ol 意味着一个醇。所以 butanol 是一个 4-碳的醇。名称解码了结构。
You've got it
- the prefix gives the carbon count: meth-(1), eth-(2), prop-(3), but-(4)
- the suffix gives the family: -ane, -ene, -ol, -oic acid
- combine them to name (and decode) any compound (e.g. propene = 3-carbon alkene)
你掌握了
- 前缀给出碳数:meth-(1)、eth-(2)、prop-(3)、but-(4)
- 后缀给出族:-ane、-ene、-ol、-oic acid
- 组合它们来命名(并解码)任何化合物(例如 propene = 3-碳烯烃)