Sexual reproduction · 有性生殖
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| sexual reproduction/ˈsekʃuːəl rɪprəˈdʌkʃn/ | 有性生殖 | yǒu xìng shēng zhí |
| gametes/ˈɡæmiːts/ | 配子 | pèi zi |
| chromosomes/ˈkrəʊməsəʊmz/ | 染色体 | rǎn sè tǐ |
| fertilisation/ˌfɜːtɪlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | 受精 | shòu jīng |
| zygote/ˈzaɪɡəʊt/ | 合子 | hé zǐ |
| variation/ˌveərɪˈeɪʃn/ | 变异 | biàn yì |
Mixing two parents
- Most animals and many plants reproduce using two parents.
- This sexual reproduction 有性生殖 mixes genes, creating offspring that are all different.
混合两个亲本
- 大多数动物和许多植物使用两个亲本繁殖。
- 这种有性生殖(sexual reproduction)混合基因,创造全都不同的后代。
Gametes are: · 配子是:
Gametes carry half the chromosomes. · 配子携带一半的染色体。
Each gamete carries ______ the normal number of chromosomes. · 每个配子携带正常染色体数目的______。
Fertilisation restores the full number. · 受精恢复完整的数目。
Gametes 配子
- Sexual reproduction involves gametes (sex cells): a male gamete and a female gamete.
- Each gamete has half the normal number of chromosomes 染色体.
The sperm is small and swims; the egg cell is large and stores food
配子
- 有性生殖涉及配子(gametes,性细胞):一个雄性配子和一个雌性配子。
- 每个配子有正常染色体数目的一半。
精子小并游动;卵细胞大并储存食物
Sexual reproduction · 有性生殖
Two parents each contribute a gamete; fertilisation combines them, creating variation. · 两个亲本各贡献一个配子;受精把它们结合,创造变异。
Fertilisation is the: · 受精是:
Two gametes fuse to form a zygote. · 两个配子融合形成一个受精卵。
The cell formed when two gametes fuse is called a zygote. · 两个配子融合时形成的细胞叫做一个受精卵。
The zygote grows into a new organism. · 受精卵长成一个新生物。
Fertilisation 受精
- Fertilisation is the fusion of a male and female gamete.
- This restores the full chromosome number and forms a zygote 合子, which grows into a new organism.
受精
- 受精(fertilisation)是一个雄性和雌性配子的融合。
- 这恢复完整的染色体数目并形成一个受精卵(zygote),它长成一个新生物。
A key advantage of sexual reproduction is that it produces: · 有性生殖的一个关键优点是它产生:
Mixing two parents' genes creates variation. · 混合两个亲本的基因创造变异。
Variation 变异
- Because offspring get genes from two parents, they show variation.
- This variation is the raw material for evolution and helps populations survive change.
Worked example. A sperm (23 chromosomes) fuses with an egg (23 chromosomes) at fertilisation, making a zygote with the full 46. The mix of two parents' genes makes each child unique.
变异
- 因为后代从两个亲本得到基因,它们显示变异(variation)。
- 这种变异是进化的原材料,帮助种群在变化中存活。
例题。 一个精子(23 个染色体)在受精时与一个卵(23 个染色体)融合,制造一个有完整 46 个的受精卵。两个亲本基因的混合使每个孩子独特。
You've got it
- sexual reproduction uses two parents and gametes (with half the chromosomes)
- fertilisation = fusion of male and female gametes → a zygote
- it produces variation, helping populations adapt and survive
你掌握了
- 有性生殖使用两个亲本和配子(有一半的染色体)
- 受精 = 雄性和雌性配子的融合 → 一个受精卵
- 它产生变异,帮助种群适应和存活