Tropic responses · 向性反应
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| tropisms/ˈtrəʊpɪzəmz/ | 向性 | xiàng xìng |
| phototropism/ˌfəʊtəʊˈtrəʊpɪzəm/ | 向光性 | xiàng guāng xìng |
| gravitropism/ˈɡrævɪtrəʊpɪzəm/ | 向地性 | xiàng dì xìng |
| auxin/ˈɔːksɪn/ | 生长素 | shēng zhǎng sù |
| cell elongation/sel iːˌlɒnˈɡeɪʃn/ | 细胞伸长 | xì bāo shēn cháng |
How plants respond
- Plants have no nerves or muscles, yet a shoot still bends towards the light and roots grow downwards.
- These growth responses are tropisms 向性, controlled by plant hormones.
植物如何反应
- 植物没有神经或肌肉,然而一根嫩枝仍然朝光弯曲,根向下生长。
- 这些生长反应是向性(tropisms),由植物激素控制。
Phototropism is a plant's growth response to: · 向光性是一棵植物对以下哪种的生长反应:
Phototropism is growth in response to light. · 向光性是响应光的生长。
A plant shoot grows: · 一根植物嫩枝生长:
Shoots show positive phototropism — towards light. · 嫩枝显示正向光性——朝光。
Roots show positive gravitropism, growing downwards. · 根显示正向地性,向下生长。
Roots grow towards gravity for water and anchorage. · 根朝重力生长以获取水和锚定。
Phototropism 向光性 and gravitropism 向地性
- Phototropism: growth in response to light. Shoots grow towards light (positive).
- Gravitropism (geotropism): growth in response to gravity. Roots grow downwards (positive).
Auxin 生长素 gathers on the shaded side and makes those cells grow longer, bending the shoot to the light
向光性和向地性
- 向光性(phototropism):响应光的生长。嫩枝朝光生长(正向)。
- 向地性(gravitropism/geotropism):响应重力的生长。根向下生长(正向)。
生长素聚集在背光的一侧,使那些细胞长得更长,把嫩枝朝光弯曲
Phototropism — bending to light · 向光性——朝光弯曲
A shoot grows towards light because a hormone makes one side grow faster than the other. · 一根嫩枝朝光生长,因为一种激素使一侧比另一侧长得更快。
The plant hormone that controls growth responses is: · 控制生长反应的植物激素是:
Auxin controls cell elongation and bending. · 生长素控制细胞伸长和弯曲。
Auxin gathers on the ______ side of a shoot, making it bend towards light. · 生长素聚集在一根嫩枝的______一侧,使它朝光弯曲。
The shaded side grows faster, bending the shoot to the light. · 背光侧长得更快,把嫩枝弯向光。
The role of auxin
- Auxin is a plant hormone that controls growth by cell elongation 细胞伸长.
- It gathers on the shaded side of a shoot, making that side grow longer — so the shoot bends towards light.
生长素的作用
- 生长素(auxin)是一种通过细胞伸长控制生长的植物激素。
- 它聚集在一根嫩枝的背光一侧,使那一侧长得更长——所以嫩枝朝光弯曲。
Why tropisms help
- Growing towards light maximises photosynthesis.
- Roots growing down find water and anchorage.
Worked example. Light shines on one side of a seedling. Auxin moves to the shaded side, which grows faster, so the shoot bends towards the light — a positive phototropism that boosts photosynthesis.
为什么向性有帮助
- 朝光生长使光合作用最大化。
- 根向下生长找到水和锚定。
例题。 光照在一棵幼苗的一侧。生长素移到背光的一侧,它长得更快,所以嫩枝朝光弯曲——一种增强光合作用的正向光性。
You've got it
- tropisms are plant growth responses: phototropism (light), gravitropism (gravity)
- shoots grow towards light; roots grow down towards gravity and water
- the hormone auxin controls growth by cell elongation (gathers on the shaded side)
你掌握了
- 向性是植物生长反应:向光性(光)、向地性(重力)
- 嫩枝朝光生长;根向下朝重力和水生长
- 激素生长素通过细胞伸长控制生长(聚集在背光的一侧)