Water uptake · 水的摄取
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| root hair cells/ruːt heə selz/ | 根毛细胞 | gēn máo xì bāo |
| osmosis/ɒzˈməʊsɪs/ | 渗透 | shèn tòu |
| active transport/ˈæktɪv ˈtrænspɔːt/ | 主动运输 | zhǔ dòng yùn shū |
| transpiration/trænspəˈreɪʃn/ | 蒸腾作用 | zhēng téng zuò yòng |
| transpiration stream/trænspəˈreɪʃn striːm/ | 蒸腾流 | zhēng téng liú |
Drinking through roots
- A plant takes in all its water through its roots — then moves it up to every leaf.
- It starts at specialised root hair cells 根毛细胞.
通过根喝水
- 一棵植物通过它的根摄取它所有的水——然后把它向上移到每一片叶。
- 它从专门的根毛细胞(root hair cells)开始。
Water enters a root hair cell by: · 水通过以下哪种进入一个根毛细胞:
Water moves in by osmosis down the water gradient. · 水通过渗透沿水梯度向下移入。
Minerals are taken into root hair cells by: · 矿物质通过以下哪种被摄入根毛细胞:
Minerals are scarce in soil, so active transport pulls them in. · 矿物质在土壤中稀少,所以主动运输把它们拉进来。
A root hair cell's long shape gives it a large: · 一个根毛细胞的长形状给它一个大的:
Large surface area speeds water and mineral uptake. · 大表面积加快水和矿物质的摄取。
Root hair cells
- Root hair cells have a long, thin extension giving a large surface area.
- Water enters them by osmosis 渗透; minerals enter by active transport 主动运输.
Water is taken up by root hairs, carried up the xylem, and lost from the leaves
根毛细胞
- 根毛细胞有一个长而薄的延伸,给出一个大表面积。
- 水通过渗透进入它们;矿物质通过主动运输进入。
水被根毛摄取,沿木质部向上运,从叶流失
Water uptake by root hairs · 根毛对水的摄取
Root hair cells take in water by osmosis — water moves from the dilute soil into the more concentrated cell. · 根毛细胞通过渗透摄取水——水从稀的土壤移动到更浓的细胞。
After crossing the root, water enters the ______ to travel up the plant. · 穿过根之后,水进入______以向上行进到植物。
Xylem carries water up to the leaves. · 木质部把水向上运到叶。
The path of water
- Water passes from the soil → root hair cell → across the root → into the xylem.
- From there it travels up to the leaves.
A tree moves water up from its roots through xylem vessels
水的路径
- 水从土壤 → 根毛细胞 → 穿过根 → 进入木质部。
- 从那里它向上行进到叶。
一棵树通过木质部导管把水从它的根向上移动
Evaporation of water from the leaves helps pull water up the plant. · 水从叶的蒸发帮助把水向上拉到植物。
This creates the transpiration stream. · 这产生蒸腾流。
The pull from above
- Water is pulled up because it evaporates from the leaves (transpiration 蒸腾作用), creating a pull.
- This continuous column of water is the transpiration stream 蒸腾流.
Worked example. A root hair cell sits in dilute soil water. Water moves in by osmosis (down the water gradient), while scarce minerals are pulled in by active transport (against their gradient, using energy).
来自上方的拉力
- 水被向上拉,因为它从叶蒸发(蒸腾作用),产生一个拉力。
- 这个连续的水柱是蒸腾流(transpiration stream)。
例题。 一个根毛细胞位于稀土壤水中。水通过渗透进入(沿水梯度向下),而稀少的矿物质被通过主动运输拉进来(逆着它们的梯度,使用能量)。
You've got it
- root hair cells (large surface area) take in water by osmosis, minerals by active transport
- water travels: soil → root → xylem → leaves
- evaporation from leaves pulls water up — the transpiration stream
你掌握了
- 根毛细胞(大表面积)通过渗透摄取水、通过主动运输摄取矿物质
- 水的行进:土壤 → 根 → 木质部 → 叶
- 从叶的蒸发把水向上拉——蒸腾流