Osmosis · 渗透
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| osmosis/ɒzˈməʊsɪs/ | 渗透 | shèn tòu |
| dilute/daɪˈluːt/ | 稀的 | xī de |
| partially permeable membrane/ˈpɑːʃəli ˈpɜːməbl ˈmembreɪn/ | 半透膜 | bàn tòu mó |
| turgid/ˈtɜːdʒɪd/ | 膨胀 | péng zhàng |
| flaccid/ˈflæsɪd/ | 松软 | sōng ruǎn |
| wilts/wɪlts/ | 萎蔫 | wēi niān |
The special case of water
- Water also moves by diffusion — but because it's so important, it gets its own name: osmosis 渗透.
- It explains why plants wilt, why cells burst, and how roots drink.
水的特殊情况
- 水也通过扩散移动——但因为它如此重要,它有自己的名字:渗透(osmosis)。
- 它解释了为什么植物枯萎、为什么细胞破裂,以及根如何"喝水"。
Osmosis is the net movement of: · 渗透是以下哪种的净移动:
Osmosis is specifically water across a partially permeable membrane. · 渗透特指水穿过一个半透膜。
Osmosis requires energy from the cell. · 渗透需要来自细胞的能量。
Like diffusion, osmosis is passive. · 像扩散一样,渗透是被动的。
Osmosis happens across a partially ______ membrane. · 渗透发生在一个部分______的膜上。
It lets water through but not larger solute particles. · 它让水通过,但不让更大的溶质颗粒通过。
What osmosis is
- Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules from a dilute 稀的 solution (high water concentration) to a concentrated solution (low water concentration), through a partially permeable membrane 半透膜.
- Like diffusion, it needs no energy.
Osmosis: water crosses the partially permeable membrane; solute is held back
渗透是什么
- 渗透是水分子从一个稀(dilute,高水浓度)溶液到一个浓(concentrated,低水浓度)溶液、通过一个半透膜(partially permeable membrane)的净移动。
- 像扩散一样,它不需要能量。
渗透:水穿过半透膜;溶质被挡住
Osmosis · 渗透
net movement down the gradient · 沿梯度净移动
A difference in concentration drives net movement until both sides are equal. · 浓度差驱动净移动,直到两边相等。
An animal cell placed in pure water will: · 一个放在纯水中的动物细胞将:
Water enters by osmosis, swelling the cell. · 水通过渗透进入,使细胞膨胀。
Osmosis in cells
- A cell in pure water gains water and swells (an animal cell may burst).
- A cell in a concentrated solution loses water and shrinks.
Red blood cells: water moves in and out of cells by osmosis
细胞中的渗透
- 一个在纯水中的细胞获得水并膨胀(一个动物细胞可能破裂)。
- 一个在浓溶液中的细胞失去水并收缩。
红细胞:水通过渗透进出细胞
A plant cell full of water and firm is described as: · 一个充满水且坚硬的植物细胞被描述为:
Turgid cells support the plant; flaccid cells cause wilting. · 膨胀的细胞支撑植物;萎蔫的细胞导致枯萎。
Why plants need it
- Plant cells take in water by osmosis and become turgid 膨胀 (firm), supporting the plant.
- Without enough water, cells become flaccid 松软 and the plant wilts 萎蔫.
Osmosis only moves water. Diffusion can move any particle; osmosis is specifically water across a partially permeable membrane. Keep the two ideas distinct.
为什么植物需要它
- 植物细胞通过渗透摄取水并变得膨胀(turgid,坚硬),支撑植物。
- 没有足够的水,细胞变得萎蔫(flaccid),植物枯萎(wilts)。
渗透只移动水。 扩散能移动任何颗粒;渗透特指水穿过一个半透膜。把这两个概念区分开。
You've got it
- osmosis = net movement of water from dilute → concentrated, through a partially permeable membrane
- it needs no energy (it's a special case of diffusion)
- plant cells become turgid (firm) when full of water, flaccid when short
你掌握了
- 渗透 = 水从稀 → 浓、通过一个半透膜的净移动
- 它不需要能量(它是扩散的一个特殊情况)
- 植物细胞充满水时变得膨胀(坚硬),缺水时萎蔫