New Borders, New Economies · 新的边界,新的经济
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| The migration of former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles | 宗主国 | zōng zhǔ guó |
Withdrawal left lines on a map
- The redrawing of political boundaries after the withdrawal of former colonial authorities led to the creation of new states.
- The CED's examples: Israel, Cambodia, Pakistan.
- So a new state is not only a new government — it is a new boundary, and somebody had to decide where it ran.
撤离在地图上留下了线
- 前殖民当局撤离之后政治边界的重新划定,催生了新的国家。
- CED 的例子:以色列、柬埔寨、巴基斯坦。
- 因此一个新国家不只是一个新政府——它是一条新边界,而总得有人决定它划在哪里。
Select all · 所有 the states the CED names as created by redrawn boundaries. · 选出 CED 点名的所有由边界重划而产生的国家。
Egypt appears instead as a state whose government guided economic life. · 埃及出现的身份,是一个政府指导经济生活的国家。
And moved people
- The redrawing of political boundaries in some cases led to conflict as well as population displacement and/or resettlements, including those related to the Partition of India and the creation of the state of Israel.
- The CED names displacement and resettlement together with conflict, because a border drawn through a mixed population produces all three.
- In some cases is its qualifier — not every new boundary produced mass movement.
并且移动了人
- 政治边界的重新划定在某些情况下导致了冲突以及人口的流离失所和/或重新安置,包括与印度分治及以色列国建立相关的那些。
- CED 把流离失所与重新安置同冲突一并列出,因为一条穿过混居人口的边界会同时产生这三者。
- "在某些情况下"是它的限定语——并非每条新边界都造成了大规模迁移。
Select all · 所有 the consequences of redrawing boundaries the CED names. · 选出 CED 点名的所有边界重划后果。
A border drawn through a mixed population produces all three. · 一条穿过混居人口的边界会同时产生这三者。
New states directed their economies
- In newly independent states after World War II, governments often took on a strong role in guiding economic life to promote development.
- The CED names Nasser in Egypt, Indira Gandhi in India, Julius Nyerere in Tanzania, and Sirimavo Bandaranaike in Sri Lanka.
- This is 5.6's state-sponsored industrialisation, arriving as the normal choice rather than the exception.
新国家指导自己的经济
- 在第二次世界大战后新独立的国家中,政府往往在指导经济生活以促进发展方面扮演了强有力的角色。
- CED 点名了埃及的纳赛尔、印度的英迪拉·甘地、坦桑尼亚的朱利叶斯·尼雷尔,以及斯里兰卡的西丽玛沃·班达拉奈克。
- 这就是 5.6 中由国家主导的工业化,只是此刻它成了通常的选择,而不再是例外。
Follow what a new state inherited · 追踪新国家继承了什么
Independence is where the examinable problem starts, not where it ends. · 独立是可考问题的起点,而不是终点。
Select all · 所有 the leaders the CED names for guiding economic life. · 选出 CED 为指导经济生活点名的所有领导人。
Muhammad Ali is 5.6's nineteenth-century example; Bandaranaike completes this list. · 穆罕默德·阿里是 5.6 中十九世纪的例子;班达拉奈克补全这份清单。
Political independence did not end economic ties. The CED says migration to imperial metropoles maintained cultural and economic ties between the colony and the metropole even after the dissolution of empires — which is why the second objective asks for continuities as well as changes.
政治独立并没有终结经济联系。CED 说,向帝国宗主国的迁移即使在帝国解体之后,仍维系着殖民地与宗主国之间的文化与经济联系——这正是第二个目标既问变化也问延续的原因。
Migration to imperial ____ maintained ties after the empires dissolved. · 向帝国 ____ 的迁移,在帝国解体后仍维系着联系。
South Asians to Britain, Algerians to France, Filipinos to the United States. · 南亚人前往英国、阿尔及利亚人前往法国、菲律宾人前往美国。
Ties survived the empires
- The migration of former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles 宗主国, usually in the major cities, maintained cultural and economic ties between the colony and the metropole even after the dissolution of empires.
- The CED names South Asians to Britain, Algerians to France, Filipinos to the United States.
- So decolonisation ended a political relationship while a demographic and economic one continued.
联系比帝国活得更久
- 前殖民地臣民向帝国宗主国(imperial metropoles)的迁移,通常集中在大城市,即使在帝国解体之后,仍维系着殖民地与宗主国之间的文化与经济联系。
- CED 点名了前往英国的南亚人、前往法国的阿尔及利亚人、前往美国的菲律宾人。
- 因此去殖民化终结的是一种政治关系,而一种人口与经济关系仍在延续。
Political independence ended the economic relationship with the former metropole. · 政治独立终结了与前宗主国的经济关系。
The CED says ties were maintained even after the dissolution of empires. · CED 说这些联系即使在帝国解体之后仍被维系。
Changes and continuities
- The second objective is the economic changes and continuities resulting from the process of decolonisation.
- Change: governments directing development, new currencies, new trade policies.
- Continuity: the same commodity exports, the same partners, and migration reinforcing the old metropole link.
变化与延续
- 第二个目标是去殖民化过程所导致的经济变化与延续。
- 变化:政府指导发展、新的货币、新的贸易政策。
- 延续:同样的商品出口、同样的伙伴,以及强化旧宗主国联系的移民。
A state becomes independent, adopts its own currency and plans its own industry — and its largest export market, its main source of machinery and the city where a million of its citizens now live are all in the country it just left. The political change is complete and the economic geography is not.
一个国家取得独立、采用自己的货币、规划自己的工业——而它最大的出口市场、机器的主要来源,以及如今住着它一百万公民的那座城市,全都在它刚刚脱离的那个国家。政治上的变化已经完成,而经济地理并没有。
Redrawn boundaries after colonial withdrawal created new states — Israel, Cambodia, Pakistan — and in some cases led to conflict, population displacement and resettlement, including the Partition of India and the creation of Israel. Newly independent governments often took a strong role in guiding economic life — Nasser, Indira Gandhi, Nyerere, Bandaranaike. Migration to imperial metropoles maintained ties after the empires dissolved.
殖民当局撤离后重新划定的边界催生了新国家——以色列、柬埔寨、巴基斯坦——并在某些情况下导致冲突、人口流离失所与重新安置,包括印度分治与以色列国的建立。新独立国家的政府往往在指导经济生活方面扮演强有力的角色——纳赛尔、英迪拉·甘地、尼雷尔、班达拉奈克。向帝国宗主国的迁移,在帝国解体后仍维系着联系。