Vietnam · 越南
An instance of containment
- Concerned by expansionist Communist ideology and Soviet repression, the United States sought to contain communism through a variety of measures, including major military engagements in Vietnam.
- This is 8.2's Korea sentence with Vietnam substituted, which places both wars inside one policy.
- So the causes of Vietnam are the causes of containment, and an answer should start there rather than with the war itself.
遏制的一个实例
- 出于对扩张主义共产主义意识形态与苏联压制的关切,美国力图通过多种手段遏制共产主义,其中包括在越南的大规模军事介入。
- 这是 8.2 关于朝鲜的那句话换成了越南,这把两场战争都置于同一项政策之内。
- 因此越南战争的成因就是遏制的成因,而答案应当从那里开始,而不是从战争本身开始。
The CED places Vietnam inside... · CED 把越南置于……之内
So the causes of Vietnam are the causes of containment. · 因此越南战争的成因就是遏制的成因。
And an instance of decolonisation
- Postwar decolonisation and the emergence of powerful nationalist movements in Asia led both sides in the Cold War to seek allies among new nations, many of which remained nonaligned.
- 8.7 gave this sentence for Africa and the Middle East; here the CED repeats it for Asia.
- So Vietnam sits at the intersection of two processes: a superpower rivalry and a nationalist movement in a decolonising world.
也是非殖民化的一个实例
- 战后的非殖民化以及亚洲强有力民族主义运动的出现,使冷战双方都在新国家中寻求盟友,而其中许多国家保持不结盟。
- 8.7 把这句话用于非洲与中东;在这里 CED 为亚洲重复了它。
- 因此越南处在两个过程的交叉点上:一场超级大国的对抗,以及一个正在非殖民化的世界中的民族主义运动。
Vietnam sits at the intersection of... · 越南处在……的交叉点上
8.7's sentence repeated for Asia. · 8.7 的那句话为亚洲重复了一遍。
A constitutional question
- Americans debated the appropriate power of the executive branch in conducting foreign and military policy.
- 3.9's separation of powers is the frame: how much may a president do without Congress?
- So the war produced a domestic institutional argument as well as a foreign one, and the CED lists it as a development in its own right.
一个宪制问题
- 美国人就行政部门在推行外交与军事政策方面的适当权力展开辩论。
- 3.9 的分权是那个框架:一位总统在没有国会的情况下可以做多少?
- 因此这场战争既产生了一场对外的争论,也产生了一场国内的制度争论,而 CED 把它列为一项独立的发展。
Follow Vietnam to the credibility gap · 从越南战争走到信任鸿沟
The Great Society and the war drew on one budget in the same years — that link is what a period-8 prompt rewards. · 伟大社会与越战在同样的年份依靠同一份预算——这一联系正是第八时期题目所奖赏的。
The constitutional question the war raised was about... · 这场战争所提出的宪制问题关乎……
3.9's separation of powers is the frame. · 3.9 的分权是那个框架。
The CED gives Korea and Vietnam the same sentence, so the difference lies elsewhere. 8.12 supplies it: although anti-communist foreign policy faced little domestic opposition in previous years, the Vietnam War inspired sizable and passionate anti-war protests — the policy was continuous; the reaction at home was not.
**CED 给朝鲜与越南同一句话,因此差别在别处。**8.12 提供了它:尽管反共外交政策在此前的年代里几乎未遇到国内反对,越南战争却激起了规模可观且情绪激烈的反战抗议——政策是连续的;国内的反应则不然。
The difference between Korea and Vietnam in this course is the reaction at home. · 在本课程中,朝鲜与越南之间的差别在于国内的反应。
The policy sentence is the same for both. · 关于政策的那句话对两者是相同的。
And an opposition that was new
- 8.12 states it: although anti-communist foreign policy faced little domestic opposition in previous years, the Vietnam War inspired sizable and passionate anti-war protests.
- In previous years... little domestic opposition is the comparison that makes Vietnam distinctive within the Cold War.
- So the difference between Korea and Vietnam in this course is not the policy but the reaction at home.
以及一种新的反对
- 8.12 陈述了这一点:尽管反共外交政策在此前的年代里几乎未遇到国内反对,越南战争却激起了规模可观且情绪激烈的反战抗议。
- 在此前的年代里……几乎未遇到国内反对,正是那句使越南在冷战中显得与众不同的比较。
- 因此在本课程中,朝鲜与越南之间的差别不在于政策,而在于国内的反应。
Select both · 两者 effects this lesson names. · 选出本课点名的两项效果。
Earlier Cold War policy had faced little domestic opposition. · 此前的冷战政策几乎未遇到国内反对。
Causes and effects
- The objective is the causes and effects of the Vietnam War.
- Causes: containment, a nationalist movement in a decolonising Asia, and the search for allies among new nations.
- Effects: a debate over executive power, and anti-war protests on a scale earlier Cold War policy had not produced.
成因与效果
- 这一目标是越南战争的成因与效果。
- 成因:遏制、一个正在非殖民化的亚洲中的民族主义运动,以及在新国家中寻找盟友。
- 效果:一场关于行政权力的辩论,以及此前冷战政策未曾产生的规模的反战抗议。
Two wars fought under the same doctrine can produce opposite politics if one of them lasts long enough for a generation to grow up asking why. The doctrine did not change; the audience did.
在同一套学说之下打的两场战争,可以产生相反的政治,只要其中一场持续得足够久,长到一整代人在成长中不断追问为什么。学说没有改变;改变的是听众。
Concerned by expansionist Communist ideology and Soviet repression, the United States sought to contain communism through a variety of measures, including major military engagements in Vietnam, and postwar decolonisation and... powerful nationalist movements in Asia led both sides... to seek allies among new nations, many of which remained nonaligned. Americans debated the appropriate power of the executive branch in conducting foreign and military policy, and 8.12 records that Vietnam inspired sizable and passionate anti-war protests where earlier policy had faced little domestic opposition.
出于对扩张主义共产主义意识形态与苏联压制的关切,美国力图通过多种手段遏制共产主义,其中包括在越南的大规模军事介入,而战后的非殖民化以及……亚洲强有力的民族主义运动,使双方都……在新国家中寻求盟友,而其中许多国家保持不结盟。美国人就行政部门在推行外交与军事政策方面的适当权力展开辩论,而 8.12 记录了越南激起了规模可观且情绪激烈的反战抗议,而此前的政策几乎未遇到国内反对。