Gilded Age Parties · 镀金时代的政党
A third party from the countryside
- Economic instability inspired agrarian activists to create the People's (Populist) Party, which called for a stronger governmental role in regulating the American economic system.
- The demand is specific: a stronger governmental role in regulating — the direct answer to 6.12's laissez-faire position.
- 6.2's falling prices and railroad dependence are the instability meant, so the party is 6.2's grievance in political form.
一个来自乡村的第三党
- 经济不稳定促使农本活动家创建了人民党(民粹党),该党呼吁政府在规范美国经济体系方面发挥更强的作用。
- 这一诉求很具体:政府在规范方面发挥更强的作用——这是对 6.12 自由放任立场的直接回答。
- 6.2 的价格下跌与铁路依赖正是所指的那种不稳定,因此这个政党是 6.2 那份怨怼的政治形态。
The Populist demand was for... · 平民党的诉求包括...
The direct answer to 6.12's laissez-faire position. · 对6.12中自由放任立场的直接回应。
What the major parties argued about
- The major political parties appealed to lingering divisions from the Civil War and contended over tariffs and currency issues, even as reformers argued that economic greed and self-interest had corrupted all levels of government.
- Three elements: Civil War divisions as an appeal, tariffs and currency as the issues, and a corruption critique running alongside.
- Lingering divisions from the Civil War is why the parties could differ sharply without differing much on industrial policy.
两大政党争论什么
- 两大政党诉诸内战遗留的分歧,并就关税与货币问题相互较量,与此同时改革者主张经济上的贪婪与自利已经腐蚀了各级政府。
- 三项要素:作为号召的内战分歧、作为议题的关税与货币,以及与之并行的一项腐败批评。
- 内战遗留的分歧正是这两个政党能够尖锐对立、却在工业政策上分歧不大的原因。
Select both · 两者 issues the major parties contended over. · 选择两个主要政党争论的问题。
Neither proposed regulating industry — hence the Populists. · 双方均未提议监管工业——因此需要平民党。
Machines supplied what government did not
- In an urban atmosphere where the access to power was unequally distributed, political machines thrived, in part by providing immigrants and the poor with social services.
- In part by providing... social services — the CED explains why machines had support, rather than only condemning them.
- So the machine is a response to the same absence 6.11's Social Gospel and 6.9's settlement houses addressed.
政治机器提供了政府未提供之物
- 在一种权力获取分配不均的城市氛围中,政治机器兴盛起来,部分原因是它们为移民与穷人提供了社会服务。
- 部分原因是提供了……社会服务——CED 解释了政治机器为何有支持者,而不只是谴责它们。
- 因此政治机器是对同一处空白的一种回应,而 6.11 的社会福音与 6.9 的睦邻之家所应对的正是这处空白。
The Populists, the major parties, or the machines? · 平民党、主要政党还是政治机器？
Sort each element of Gilded Age politics. · 对镀金时代政治的每个要素进行分类。
The major parties appealed to... · 主要政党争取...
Which is why they could differ sharply without differing much on industry. · 这就是为什么他们可以在行业问题上分歧巨大却差异甚微的原因。
The CED explains why machines had support rather than only condemning them. They thrived in part by providing immigrants and the poor with social services — the same absence that settlement houses and the Social Gospel addressed, answered by a different kind of organisation.
**CED 解释了政治机器为何有支持者,而不只是谴责它们。**它们兴盛,部分原因是为移民与穷人提供了社会服务——正是睦邻之家与社会福音所应对的同一处空白,由另一种组织给出了回答。
The CED explains machine support by noting they... · CED通过指出它们...来解释政治机器的支持来源。
The same absence settlement houses addressed. · 这也是 Settlement Houses 试图解决的问题。
Similarities and differences
- The objective asks for the similarities and differences between the political parties during the Gilded Age.
- Similarity: both major parties appealed to war-era loyalties and neither proposed regulating industry — which is why the Populists formed outside them.
- Difference: they contended over tariffs and currency, which were real issues with regional consequences.
相似与不同
- 这一目标要求的是镀金时代各政党之间的相似与不同。
- 相似:两大政党都诉诸战时的忠诚,而且都没有提出规范工业——这正是民粹派在它们之外成立的原因。
- 不同:它们就关税与货币相互较量,而那是有地区性后果的真实议题。
The corruption critique belongs in the answer as a ____ voice. · 腐败批判应作为____声音出现在答案中。
Not as one party's position. · 而非某一政党的立场。
Writing a party comparison
- Compare the two major parties on one basis, then explain what the Populists added that neither offered.
- The corruption critique belongs in the answer as a third voice, not as one party's position.
- End on the machine: where parties did not deliver services, an organisation that did could command loyalty.
书写一次政党比较
- 在同一个基准上比较两大政党,然后说明民粹派补上了哪一样两者都没有提供的东西。
- 那项腐败批评应当作为第三种声音出现在答案里,而不是作为某一政党的立场。
- 以政治机器收尾:在政党不提供服务的地方,一个提供服务的组织就能赢得忠诚。
An organisation that finds a man a job, pays for a funeral and fixes a street has earned a vote more concretely than a party that argues about currency. Whether the trade is good is a separate question from why it happened.
一个为某人找到工作、支付一场葬礼费用并修好一条街道的组织,比一个争论货币问题的政党,更具体地挣得了一张选票。这笔交易是否划算,与它为何发生,是两个不同的问题。
Economic instability inspired agrarian activists to create the People's (Populist) Party, which called for a stronger governmental role in regulating the American economic system. The major political parties appealed to lingering divisions from the Civil War and contended over tariffs and currency issues, even as reformers argued that economic greed and self-interest had corrupted all levels of government, and political machines thrived, in part by providing immigrants and the poor with social services.
经济不稳定促使农本活动家创建了人民党(民粹党),该党呼吁政府在规范美国经济体系方面发挥更强的作用。 两大政党诉诸内战遗留的分歧,并就关税与货币问题相互较量,与此同时改革者主张经济上的贪婪与自利已经腐蚀了各级政府,而政治机器兴盛起来,部分原因是它们为移民与穷人提供了社会服务。