Changes in Factor Demand and Factor Supply · 要素需求与要素供给的变动
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| wage/weɪdʒ/ | 工资 | gōng zī |
| factor demand/ˈfæktə dɪˈmænd/ | 要素需求 | yào sù xū qiú |
| output price/ˈaʊtpʊt praɪs/ | 产品价格 | chǎn pǐn jià gé |
| productivity/ˌprɒdəkˈtɪvɪti/ | 生产率 | shēng chǎn lǜ |
| related input/rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈɪnpʊt/ | 相关投入品 | xiāng guān tóu rù pǐn |
| factor supply/ˈfæktə səˈplaɪ/ | 要素供给 | yào sù gōng jǐ |
| number of available workers/ˈnʌmbə ɒv əˈveɪləbl ˈwɜːkəz/ | 可用工人数量 | kě yòng gōng rén shù liàng |
Why wages climb in booming industries
- When an industry takes off, its workers suddenly get paid much more.
- Nothing about the workers changed overnight — so what did?
- The answer lives in the factor market's demand and supply.
- Shift either curve, and the wage 工资 and quantity of workers move.
为什么繁荣行业的工资飞涨
- 当一个行业腾飞,它的工人突然拿到高得多的报酬。
- 工人本身一夜之间并没有变——那到底变了什么?
- 答案藏在要素市场的需求和供给里。
- 移动任何一条曲线,工资(wage)和工人数量都会随之变动。
What shifts factor demand
- A change in the output price 产品价格: a dearer product raises each worker's MRP, shifting factor demand 要素需求 right.
- A change in worker productivity 生产率: training or technology raises marginal product, shifting demand right.
- A change in the price of a related input 相关投入品: a cheaper complement raises demand; a cheaper substitute input can lower it.
什么会移动要素需求
- 产品价格(output price)的变化:产品更贵会抬高每个工人的 MRP,使要素需求(factor demand)右移。
- 工人生产率(productivity)的变化:培训或技术提高边际产量,使需求右移。
- 相关投入品(related input)价格的变化:更便宜的互补品抬高需求;更便宜的替代性投入则可能降低它。
The labour market · 劳动力市场
The wage is set where labour demand meets labour supply. A more valuable product or more productive workers shift demand right, raising the wage. · 工资在劳动需求与劳动供给相遇处决定。更有价值的产品或更高效的工人使需求右移,抬高工资。
The product a firm sells becomes more valuable. The firm's demand for workers: · 企业出售的产品变得更有价值。企业对工人的需求:
A higher output price raises each worker's MRP, shifting factor demand right. · 更高的产品价格抬高每个工人的 MRP,使要素需求右移。
Select all · 所有 that shift factor (labour) demand. · 选出所有会移动要素(劳动)需求的因素。
Output price, productivity and related-input prices shift demand; more workers shifts supply. · 产品价格、生产率和相关投入品价格移动需求;更多工人移动供给。
Better training or technology raises worker , shifting factor demand right. · 更好的培训或技术提高工人的,使要素需求右移。
Higher productivity means a higher marginal product, so a higher MRP. · 更高的生产率意味着更高的边际产量,因而更高的 MRP。
What shifts factor supply
- The number of available workers 可用工人数量: immigration or population growth shifts factor supply 要素供给 right.
- The appeal of the job: better conditions or lower training costs draw in more workers.
- To find the result, shift the right curve and read the new crossing point — just like a product market.
什么会移动要素供给
- 可用工人数量(number of available workers):移民或人口增长使要素供给(factor supply)右移。
- 工作的吸引力:更好的条件或更低的培训成本吸引更多工人。
- 要求结果,就移动正确的曲线、读出新的相交点——和产品市场一样。
A wave of immigration into a country tends to shift the labour supply curve: · 一波移民涌入一个国家,往往使劳动供给曲线:
More available workers increase labour supply, shifting the curve right. · 可用工人更多增加劳动供给,使曲线右移。
Match each change to the curve it shifts. · 把每个变化与它移动的曲线配对。
Product value and productivity move demand; the number of workers moves supply. · 产品价值和生产率移动需求;工人数量移动供给。
A worked case
- A tech boom makes software more valuable, so the output price of apps rises.
- Each programmer's MRP jumps, shifting the demand for programmers right.
- With supply unchanged, both the equilibrium wage and the number hired rise.
- That is exactly why wages climb fastest in booming industries.
一个例子
- 科技繁荣让软件更有价值,于是应用程序的产品价格上升。
- 每个程序员的 MRP 跳升,使对程序员的需求右移。
- 供给不变时,均衡工资和被雇人数都上升。
- 这正是为什么繁荣行业的工资涨得最快。
A tech boom raises the price of apps, with worker supply unchanged. The wage and number of programmers: · 科技繁荣抬高应用价格,工人供给不变。程序员的工资和人数:
Higher MRP shifts labour demand right; with fixed supply, both wage and quantity rise. · 更高的 MRP 使劳动需求右移;供给固定,工资和数量都上升。
The wage is set where factor demand meets factor supply. Factor demand shifts with the output price, productivity, and related-input prices; factor supply shifts with the number of workers and the job's appeal. Shift the right curve, read the new equilibrium.
工资在要素需求与要素供给相遇处决定。要素需求随产品价格、生产率和相关投入品价格移动;要素供给随工人数量和工作吸引力移动。移动正确的曲线,读出新均衡。