Measures of Development · 发展衡量指标
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| development/dɪˈveləpmənt/ | 发展 | fā zhǎn |
| GDP per capita/ˌdʒiː diː ˈpiː pɜː ˈkæpɪtə/ | 人均国内生产总值 | rén jūn guó nèi shēng chǎn zǒng zhí |
| Human Development Index/ˈhjuːmən dɪˈveləpmənt ˈɪndeks/ | 人类发展指数 | rén lèi fā zhǎn zhǐ shù |
| Gender Inequality Index/ˈdʒendə ɪniːˈkwɒlɪti ˈɪndeks/ | 性别不平等指数 | xìng bié bù píng děng zhǐ shù |
| Gini coefficient/ˈdʒiːni ˌkəʊɪˈfɪʃənt/ | 基尼系数 | jī ní xì shù |
Measuring development
- Development 发展 is improving people's economic and social well-being.
- GDP per capita 人均国内生产总值 measures economic output per person.
- But money alone is an incomplete picture of well-being.
衡量发展
- 发展(development)是改善人们的经济和社会福祉。
- 人均国内生产总值(GDP per capita)衡量人均经济产出。
- 但仅凭金钱是福祉的不完整图景。
The Human Development Index
- The Human Development Index 人类发展指数 (HDI) combines income, education, and health.
- It scores from 0 to 1, giving a fuller picture than money alone.
- Two countries with similar GDP can have very different HDI.
人类发展指数
- 人类发展指数(Human Development Index, HDI)结合收入、教育和健康。
- 它从 0 到 1 打分,比仅凭金钱给出更完整的图景。
- 两个 GDP 相近的国家可能有非常不同的 HDI。
Which measure combines income, education, and health into one score? · 哪种指标将收入、教育和健康合并为一个分数？
The HDI combines income, education, and health (0-1). · 人类发展指数 (HDI) 综合了收入、教育和健康（0-1）。
Match each measure to what it captures. · 将每个指标与其所反映的内容匹配。
GDP = income; HDI = well-being; Gini = inequality. · GDP = 收入；HDI = 福祉；基尼系数 = 不平等。
Inequality measures
- The Gender Inequality Index 性别不平等指数 (GII) measures gaps between men and women.
- The Gini coefficient 基尼系数 measures income inequality (0 = equal, 1 = unequal).
- These add social detail that GDP hides.
不平等指标
- 性别不平等指数(Gender Inequality Index, GII)衡量男女之间的差距。
- 基尼系数(Gini coefficient)衡量收入不平等(0=平等,1=不平等)。
- 这些补充了 GDP 掩盖的社会细节。
Which development measure? · 哪种发展衡量指标？
Match each measure to what it captures. · 将每个指标与其所反映的内容匹配。
A high GDP per capita guarantees that wealth is shared equally. · 高人均GDP保证财富被平等分享。
GDP per capita is an average and can hide huge inequality. · 人均GDP是一个平均值，可能掩盖巨大的不平等。
On the Gini coefficient scale from 0 to 1, what value means perfect income equality? · 在0到1的基尼系数尺度上，什么值意味着完美的收入平等？
A Gini of 0 means perfect equality; 1 means total inequality. · 基尼系数为0意味着完美平等；1意味着完全不平等。
Select all · 所有 measures of development beyond simple GDP. · 选择所有超越简单GDP的发展衡量指标。
HDI, Gini, and GII measure development; break-of-bulk is an industry location idea. · HDI、基尼系数和GII衡量发展；分拨点是工业区位概念。
GDP per capita is an average — it can hide huge inequality. A country with high average income can still have widespread poverty if the wealth is concentrated. The HDI and Gini exist precisely to look past the average.
人均 GDP 是一个平均值——它可能掩盖巨大的不平等。如果财富集中,一个平均收入高的国家仍可能有普遍的贫困。HDI 和基尼系数的存在正是为了越过平均值。
Two countries have the same GDP per capita. But one invests in schools and hospitals — high HDI — while the other's wealth sits with a tiny elite, leaving low education and health for most — lower HDI. Money measured, but well-being differs.
两个国家有相同的人均 GDP。但一个投资学校和医院——高 HDI——而另一个的财富集中在极少数精英手中,使大多数人的教育和健康低下——较低的 HDI。金钱相同,但福祉不同。
Development is improving well-being. GDP per capita measures income per person (but is an average). The HDI combines income, education, and health (0-1). The GII and Gini coefficient add gender and income inequality. Use several measures, not just money.
发展是改善福祉。人均 GDP 衡量人均收入(但是平均值)。HDI 结合收入、教育和健康(0-1)。GII 和基尼系数补充性别和收入不平等。要用多个指标,而非仅凭金钱。