Defining Devolutionary Factors · 界定分权因素 (Defining Devolutionary Factors)
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| devolution/dɪvəˈluːʃn/ | 权力下放 | quán lì xià fàng |
| devolutionary factors/dɪvəˈluːʃənəri ˈfæktəz/ | 权力下放因素 | quán lì xià fàng yīn sù |
| separatism/ˈsepərətɪzəm/ | 分离主义 | fēn lí zhǔ yì |
Pressures to break apart
- Devolution 权力下放 transfers power from the centre to regions.
- It is driven by devolutionary factors 权力下放因素 that pull a state apart.
- The main factors are ethnic, economic, and physical.
分裂的压力
- 权力下放(devolution)把权力从中央转移到地区。
- 它由把国家拉散的权力下放因素(devolutionary factors)驱动。
- 主要因素是族群、经济和自然地理。
Transferring power from the central government down to regions is called . · 将权力从中央政府下放到地区称为。
Devolution responds to devolutionary factors. · 分权 (Devolution) 是对分权因素的回应。
Ethnic and cultural factors
- Strong ethnic or religious differences can demand self-rule.
- A region with its own language or faith may feel unrepresented.
- This is the most common driver of devolution.
族群与文化因素
- 强烈的族群或宗教差异可能要求自治。
- 有自己语言或信仰的地区可能感到不被代表。
- 这是权力下放最常见的驱动力。
The most common driver of devolution is usually... · 导致分权的最常见驱动因素通常是……
Ethnic/religious differences are the most common devolutionary factor. · 种族/宗教 (Ethnic/religious) 差异是最常见的分权因素。
Devolution always leads to a state breaking apart. · 分权总是导致国家解体。
Devolution is often peaceful and can strengthen a state by giving regions a voice. · 分权往往是和平的，可以通过给予地区发言权来加强国家。
Physical and economic factors
- Physical geography — islands, mountains — can isolate a region and encourage devolution.
- Economic inequality between regions builds resentment.
- A rich region may resent subsidising poorer ones, or vice versa.
自然与经济因素
- 自然地理——岛屿、山脉——可以孤立一个地区并促进权力下放。
- 地区间的经济不平等积累怨恨。
- 富裕地区可能不满补贴较贫穷地区,反之亦然。
Which devolutionary factor? · 哪个是分权因素?
Sort each cause of devolution by its type. · 按类型对每个分权原因进行排序。
Select all · 所有 devolutionary factors. · 选择所有分权因素。
Ethnic, physical, and economic factors drive devolution; a shared flag unites (centripetal). · 种族、自然和经济因素推动分权；共同旗帜起到凝聚作用（离心力）。
Match each factor to an example. · 将每个因素与示例匹配。
Ethnic = identity; physical = geography; economic = money/resources. · 种族 = 身份认同；自然 = 地理；经济 = 金钱/资源。
Devolution is often peaceful and strengthens a state by giving regions a voice. But if the factors are strong and demands are ignored, it can escalate toward separatism — a movement for full independence. The same factors can stabilise or split a country.
权力下放常常是和平的,并通过给地区发言权而增强国家。但如果因素强烈、诉求被忽视,它可能升级为分离主义——争取完全独立的运动。同样的因素既能稳定国家,也能使其分裂。
Scotland has a distinct identity (ethnic/cultural), is partly separated by geography, and debated control of North Sea oil (economic). These devolutionary factors led the UK to grant Scotland a devolved parliament — and fuel ongoing independence debates.
苏格兰有独特的身份(族群/文化),部分被地理分隔,并就北海石油的控制权争论(经济)。这些权力下放因素促使英国给予苏格兰一个下放权力的议会——并激发持续的独立辩论。
Devolution transfers power to regions, driven by devolutionary factors: ethnic/religious differences (most common), physical geography (islands, mountains), and economic inequality. Peaceful devolution can strengthen a state; ignored, it can turn to separatism.
权力下放把权力转移给地区,由权力下放因素驱动:族群/宗教差异(最常见)、自然地理(岛屿、山脉)和经济不平等。和平的权力下放能增强国家;被忽视时,可能转向分离主义。