Challenges to Sovereignty · 主权面临的挑战 (Challenges to Sovereignty)
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| sovereignty/ˈsɒvərɪnti/ | 主权 | zhǔ quán |
| supranational organisation/ˌsuːprəˈnæʃənl ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | 超国家组织 | chāo guó jiā zǔ zhī |
| democratisation/dɪˌmɒkrətaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | 民主化 | mín zhǔ huà |
Sovereignty under pressure
- A state's sovereignty can be challenged from inside and outside.
- Inside: devolution and separatist movements.
- Outside: supranational organisations and globalisation.
承压的主权
- 一个国家的主权可能受到来自内部和外部的挑战。
- 内部:权力下放和分离主义运动。
- 外部:超国家组织和全球化。
Supranational organisations
- A supranational organisation 超国家组织 is an alliance of states (the EU, UN).
- Members give up some sovereignty for shared benefits (trade, security).
- This limits what any one state can do alone.
超国家组织
- 超国家组织(supranational organisation)是国家的联盟(欧盟、联合国)。
- 成员为共同利益(贸易、安全)让渡部分主权。
- 这限制了任何单一国家能独自做的事。
Internal or external challenge? · 内部挑战还是外部挑战?
Sort each challenge to sovereignty as coming from inside or outside the state. · 将每个主权挑战归类为来自国家内部还是外部。
The EU and UN are examples of... · 欧盟和联合国是……的例子
Supranational organisations are alliances of states that share some sovereignty. · 超国家组织 (Supranational organisations) 是分享部分主权的国家联盟。
Joining a supranational organisation means giving up some sovereignty for shared benefits. · 加入超国家组织意味着放弃部分主权以换取共同利益。
Members trade some independence for trade, security, or other gains. · 成员国交换部分独立性以获得贸易、安全或其他收益。
Select all · 所有 challenges to state sovereignty. · 选择所有对国家主权的挑战。
Supranational orgs, separatism, and the internet challenge sovereignty; a holiday unites (centripetal). · 超国家组织、分离主义和互联网挑战主权；节日起到凝聚作用（离心力）。
Match each challenge to its source. · 将每个挑战与其来源匹配。
Separatism = inside; EU = outside; supranational = an alliance. · 分离主义 = 内部；欧盟 = 外部；超国家组织 = 联盟。
Democratisation and the internet
- Democratisation 民主化 shifts power from rulers to citizens, changing who is sovereign.
- The internet crosses borders freely, spreading ideas states cannot fully control.
- Both weaken a government's total control over its territory.
民主化与互联网
- 民主化(democratisation)把权力从统治者转向公民,改变谁是主权者。
- 互联网自由跨越边界,传播国家无法完全控制的思想。
- 两者都削弱政府对其领土的完全控制。
Shifting power from rulers to citizens is called . · 将权力从统治者转移给公民称为。
Democratisation changes who holds sovereign power. · 民主化 (Democratisation) 改变了谁掌握主权权力。
Joining a supranational organisation is a voluntary trade: a state gives up some sovereignty to gain shared benefits. It is not simply a "loss" — members usually judge the trade worthwhile, though it fuels debates about control (as with Brexit).
加入超国家组织是一种自愿交易:国家让渡部分主权以换取共同利益。它不简单是“损失”——成员通常认为这一交易值得,尽管它引发关于控制权的辩论(如英国脱欧)。
When a country joins the EU, it accepts common rules on trade and movement — giving up some sovereignty for access to a huge market. The debate over whether that trade is worth it drove the UK's Brexit vote to leave.
当一个国家加入欧盟时,它接受关于贸易和流动的共同规则——为进入巨大市场而让渡部分主权。关于这一交易是否值得的辩论,推动了英国脱欧的退出投票。
Sovereignty is challenged from inside (devolution, separatism) and outside. Supranational organisations (EU, UN) trade some sovereignty for shared benefits; democratisation and the internet further limit a government's total control.
主权受到来自内部(权力下放、分离主义)和外部的挑战。超国家组织(欧盟、联合国)以部分主权换取共同利益;民主化和互联网进一步限制政府的完全控制。