Forms of Governance · 政体形式 (Forms of Governance)
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| unitary state/ˈjuːnɪtəri steɪt/ | 单一制国家 | dān yī zhì guó jiā |
| federal state/ˈfedərəl steɪt/ | 联邦制国家 | lián bāng zhì guó jiā |
Sharing power inside a state
- States organise power between the centre and the regions in two main ways.
- The choice shapes how decisions are made and who makes them.
- It depends on a country's size and diversity.
在国家内部分享权力
- 国家用两种主要方式在中央和地区之间组织权力。
- 这一选择塑造决策如何做出、由谁做出。
- 它取决于一个国家的规模和多样性。
Unitary states
- A unitary state 单一制国家 keeps most power in the central government.
- France is a classic example.
- It works best in small or culturally uniform countries.
单一制国家
- 单一制国家(unitary state)把大部分权力保留在中央政府。
- 法国是典型例子。
- 它在小型或文化统一的国家最有效。
Unitary or federal? · 单一制还是联邦制?
Sort each feature as belonging to a unitary or federal state. · 将每个特征归类为属于单一制国家还是联邦制国家。
A state that shares power between the centre and strong regional governments is... · 中央与强有力的地方政府分享权力的国家是……
A federal state shares power with regions (USA, India). · 联邦制国家 (Federal state) 与地区分享权力（如美国、印度）。
A unitary state keeps most power in the central government. · 单一制国家将大部分权力保留在中央政府手中。
Yes — unitary states are centralised, like France. · 是的——单一制国家是中央集权的，如法国。
Select all · 所有 true statements. · 选择所有正确的陈述。
The first three are correct; the USA is federal, not unitary. · 前三项正确；美国是联邦制，不是单一制。
Federal states
- A federal state 联邦制国家 shares power between the centre and regional governments.
- The USA and India are examples.
- It suits large or diverse countries where regions want a say.
联邦制国家
- 联邦制国家(federal state)在中央和地区政府之间分享权力。
- 美国和印度是例子。
- 它适合地区想有发言权的大型或多样化国家。
Large, diverse countries like India usually choose a ____ system of governance. · 像印度这样庞大且多样化的国家通常选择____政体。
Federal systems give diverse regions real power. · 联邦制 (Federal) 体系赋予多样化地区真正的权力。
Match each state to its system. · 将每个国家与其政体系统匹配。
France = unitary; India = federal; federal = shared power. · 法国 = 单一制；印度 = 联邦制；联邦制 = 共享权力。
Neither system is simply "better". A unitary state is efficient but can ignore regional needs; a federal state respects diversity but can be slower and prone to disputes between levels. Match the system to the country's size and diversity.
两种制度都不简单地“更好”。单一制国家高效,但可能忽视地区需求;联邦制国家尊重多样性,却可能更慢、易在层级间产生争端。要让制度匹配国家的规模和多样性。
France, medium-sized and fairly uniform, runs as a unitary state with power in Paris. India, huge and hugely diverse in language and religion, is a federal state — its many states need real power of their own to hold the country together.
法国规模中等、相当统一,作为单一制国家运作,权力在巴黎。印度幅员辽阔、语言和宗教极其多样,是联邦制国家——它众多的邦需要真正的自身权力才能维系国家团结。
A unitary state concentrates power at the centre (France) — best for small, uniform countries. A federal state shares power with regional governments (USA, India) — best for large, diverse ones. The choice reflects a country's size and diversity.
单一制国家把权力集中在中央(法国)——最适合小型、统一的国家。联邦制国家与地区政府分享权力(美国、印度)——最适合大型、多样化的国家。这一选择反映国家的规模和多样性。