Women and Demographic Change · 女性和人口变化
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| family planning/ˈfæmɪli ˈplænɪŋ/ | 计划生育 | jì huà shēng yù |
The strongest driver of fertility
- The status of women is one of the strongest drivers of fertility.
- As female education and employment rise, fertility falls.
- This is a key reason countries move through the DTM.
生育率最强的驱动力
- 妇女的地位是生育率最强的驱动力之一。
- 随着女性教育和就业上升,生育率下降。
- 这是国家在 DTM 中前进的关键原因。
As female education and employment rise, fertility usually... · 随着女性教育和就业率上升，生育率通常会……
Education and work lead to later marriage and fewer children → fertility falls. · 教育和工作导致晚婚和少生 → 生育率下降。
Why education lowers fertility
- Educated women tend to marry later and have fewer children.
- They gain more knowledge of and access to family planning 计划生育.
- Careers raise the opportunity cost of having many children.
为何教育降低生育率
- 受教育的女性倾向于更晚结婚、少生孩子。
- 她们对计划生育(family planning)有更多了解和获取途径。
- 职业提高了多生孩子的机会成本。
Raises or lowers fertility? · 提高还是降低生育率？
Sort each factor by its effect on fertility. · 按其对生育率的影响对每个因素排序。
Access to family planning tends to lower fertility. · 获得计划生育服务往往会降低生育率。
Family planning gives women more control over family size, lowering fertility. · 计划生育赋予女性更多控制家庭规模的能力，从而降低生育率。
Careers raise the ____ cost of having many children (the value of what a woman gives up). · 职业提高了养育多个孩子的____成本（女性放弃的价值）。
The opportunity cost of children rises when women have careers to give up. · 当女性有职业要放弃时，养育子女的机会成本会增加。
Select all · 所有 factors that lower fertility. · 选择所有能降低生育率的因素。
Education, work, and family planning lower fertility; very early marriage raises it. · 教育、工作和计划生育降低生育率；极早婚会提高生育率。
Match each change to its effect. · 将每个变化与其影响匹配。
All three empower women's choices and lower fertility. · 这三者都赋权于女性的选择并降低生育率。
Women in the economy
- When women earn income, households are richer and healthier.
- Their choices ripple through population, economy, and development.
- Improving women's rights is one of the UN's key development goals.
经济中的妇女
- 当妇女赚取收入时,家庭更富裕、更健康。
- 她们的选择波及人口、经济和发展。
- 改善妇女权利是联合国关键的发展目标之一。
Do not treat falling fertility as women being "forced" to change. The pattern is driven by opportunity: education, work, and family planning give women more choices, and many choose smaller families. It is a change in options, not coercion.
不要把生育率下降看作女性被“迫使”改变。这一格局由机会驱动:教育、工作和计划生育给女性更多选择,许多人选择更小的家庭。这是选择的变化,而非强迫。
In many countries, as girls' school enrolment rose, the average number of children per woman fell from six or seven to around two within a generation. More years in school meant later marriage, careers, and access to family planning — fertility fell as a result.
在许多国家,随着女孩入学率上升,每名妇女的平均孩子数在一代人内从六七个降到约两个。更多的在校年数意味着晚婚、职业和获得计划生育——生育率因此下降。
The status of women strongly drives fertility. Rising female education and employment, plus access to family planning, lead women to marry later and have fewer children — a key engine of the demographic transition and of development.
妇女的地位强烈驱动生育率。上升的女性教育和就业,加上获得计划生育,使女性更晚结婚、少生孩子——这是人口转变和发展的关键引擎。