Aging Populations · 老龄化人口
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| ageing population/ˈeɪdʒɪŋ ˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃn/ | 人口老龄化 | rén kǒu lǎo líng huà |
| pension/ˈpenʃn/ | 养老金 | yǎng lǎo jīn |
| dependency ratio/dɪˈpendənsi ˈreɪʃɪəʊ/ | 抚养比 | fǔ yǎng bǐ |
The other end of the pyramid
- An ageing population 人口老龄化 has a rising share of people over 65.
- It happens in Stages 4 and 5 of the DTM, as fertility falls and people live longer.
- Countries like Japan, Italy, and Germany are ageing fast.
金字塔的另一端
- 人口老龄化(ageing population)是 65 岁以上人口比例上升。
- 它发生在 DTM 的第 4、5 阶段,随着生育率下降、人们寿命延长。
- 日本、意大利、德国等国正在快速老龄化。
An ageing population is one with a rising share of people who are... · 老龄化人口是指老年人口比例上升的人口……
Ageing = a rising share of people over 65. · 老龄化 = 65岁以上人口比例上升。
The costs of ageing
- More elderly people means higher pension 养老金 and healthcare costs.
- The dependency ratio 抚养比 rises as retirees grow and workers shrink.
- A smaller workforce must support a larger dependent group.
老龄化的成本
- 更多老年人意味着更高的养老金(pension)和医疗成本。
- 随着退休者增多、劳动者减少,抚养比(dependency ratio)上升。
- 更小的劳动力必须供养更大的受抚养群体。
An ageing population tends to lower the dependency ratio. · 老龄化人口往往会降低抚养比。
Ageing raises the dependency ratio: more retirees, fewer workers to support them. · 老龄化提高抚养比：更多退休人员，较少的工人来抚养他们。
Money paid to retired people, a rising cost of ageing, is a . · 支付给退休人员的钱，作为老龄化的一项日益增长的成本，是一种。
Pension and healthcare costs rise as the elderly share grows. · 随着老年人口比例增加，养老金和医疗成本也会上升。
How countries respond
- Raise the retirement age so people work longer.
- Encourage immigration of young workers to fill jobs.
- Use pro-natalist policies to raise the birth rate over time.
各国如何应对
- 提高退休年龄,让人们工作更久。
- 鼓励年轻工人移入以填补工作岗位。
- 用鼓励生育政策随时间提高出生率。
Cause, cost, or response? · 原因、成本还是应对措施？
Sort each item as a cause, a cost, or a response to population ageing. · 将每项内容分类为人口老龄化的原因、成本或应对措施。
Select all · 所有 responses to an ageing population. · 选择所有应对老龄化人口的举措。
Later retirement, immigration, and pro-natal policy help; banning healthcare does not. · 延迟退休、移民和鼓励生育政策有帮助；禁止医疗服务没有用。
Match each item to its role in ageing. · 将每项内容与老龄化中的作用匹配。
Cause = why it happens; cost = the strain; response = the government's action. · 原因 = 为什么会发生；成本 = 带来的压力；应对措施 = 政府的行动。
Ageing is not simply a "crisis" — it reflects success (people living longer, healthier lives). But it does strain pensions and healthcare, so treat it as a challenge to manage, not a disaster. The responses (later retirement, immigration, pro-natal policy) all have trade-offs.
老龄化并非单纯的“危机”——它反映了成功(人们活得更久、更健康)。但它确实给养老金和医疗带来压力,所以要把它当作需要管理的挑战,而非灾难。各种应对(延迟退休、移民、鼓励生育)都有取舍。
Japan has one of the world's oldest populations: over a quarter are 65+. With too few young workers, it has raised the retirement age, invested in robots and automation for care, and debated immigration — all responses to a rising dependency ratio.
日本是世界上人口最老的国家之一:超过四分之一是 65 岁以上。由于年轻工人太少,它提高了退休年龄,投资机器人和自动化用于护理,并讨论移民——都是对上升的抚养比的应对。
An ageing population (rising share over 65) appears in late DTM stages. It raises pension, healthcare, and dependency-ratio pressures. Countries respond with a higher retirement age, immigration, and pro-natalist policies — each with trade-offs.
人口老龄化(65 岁以上比例上升)出现在 DTM 后期阶段。它加大养老金、医疗和抚养比压力。各国以提高退休年龄、移民和鼓励生育政策应对——各有取舍。