Conflict After the Peace · 战后冲突
What the CED states
- Nationalist and separatist movements, along with ethnic conflict and ethnic cleansing, periodically disrupted the post-World War II peace.
- Four phenomena named, and one verb — periodically disrupted — that says the peace was real but repeatedly broken.
- The objective's own word is mass atrocities, so the CED is explicit about what is being explained.
CED 所陈述的内容
- 民族主义与分离主义运动,连同族群冲突与族群清洗,不时打断了第二次世界大战之后的和平。
- 点出了四种现象,以及一个动词——不时打断——它说明这份和平是真实的,但反复被打破。
- 这一目标自身的用词是大规模暴行,因此 CED 对于所要解释之物是明确的。
Select all · 所有 four phenomena the CED names. · 选择CED命名的所有四个现象。
One verb joins them: periodically disrupted. · 一个动词将它们联系起来：周期性中断。
Causes the course has already supplied
- 7.2 gave nationalism's methods, including racialism and chauvinism justifying national aggrandisement.
- 9.4 recorded the rise of new nationalisms in Central and Eastern Europe and the instability in some former Soviet republics.
- So the causes are continuous with the course, not a separate topic — a settlement or a state that suppresses a claim does not remove it.
本课程已经提供的成因
- 7.2 给出了民族主义的诸方法,包括种族主义与为民族扩张辩护的沙文主义。
- 9.4 记录了中欧与东欧新民族主义的兴起以及一些前苏联加盟共和国的不稳定。
- 因此这些成因与本课程是连续的,不是一个独立的题目——一份安排或一个国家压制一项主张,并不会消除它。
Match each term to what it means. · 将每个术语与其含义匹配。
Keeping them apart makes an answer accurate. · 保持这种区分可使答案准确。
Separatism and ethnic conflict are distinct
- Separatist movements seek to leave a state; ethnic conflict is violence between groups within one.
- Ethnic cleansing is the forced removal of a population from a territory, and the CED names it as its own category.
- Keeping the three apart is what makes an answer accurate rather than merely grave.
分离主义与族群冲突是不同的
- 分离主义运动寻求脱离一个国家;族群冲突是一个国家之内群体之间的暴力。
- 族群清洗是把一群人从一片领土上强行迁离,而 CED 把它列为一个独立的类别。
- 把三者分开,正是使一份答案准确而不只是沉重的东西。
A cause, a named phenomenon, or an effect? · 原因、特定现象还是结果？
Sort each element of postwar conflict. · 对后战冲突的各要素进行分类。
'Periodically disrupted' describes... · '周期性中断'描述的是……
Neither continuous conflict nor uninterrupted peace. · 既非持续冲突也非未受干扰的和平。
Separatism, ethnic conflict and ethnic cleansing are three distinct things. Separatist movements seek to leave a state; ethnic conflict is violence between groups within one; ethnic cleansing is the forced removal of a population from a territory — the CED lists them separately, and keeping them apart is what makes an answer accurate.
**分离主义、族群冲突与族群清洗是三件不同的事。**分离主义运动寻求脱离一个国家;族群冲突是一个国家之内群体之间的暴力;族群清洗是把一群人从一片领土上强行迁离——CED 把它们分别列出,而把它们分开正是使答案准确的东西。
9.7 places Yugoslavia's dissolution beside... · 9.7将南斯拉夫解体置于……旁。
The three show the range of outcomes the same forces produced. · 这三者展示了同一力量产生的不同结果范围。
'Periodically' sets the shape of the period
- The CED is not describing continuous conflict, and not describing an uninterrupted peace either.
- 9.7 names one instance in its own sentence: Yugoslavia dissolved, alongside German reunification and the Czech-Slovak separation.
- Those three are placed together precisely because they show the range of outcomes the same forces produced.
"不时"决定了这一时期的形态
- CED 描述的既不是持续不断的冲突,也不是不受干扰的和平。
- 9.7 在它自己的句子里点出了一个实例:南斯拉夫解体,与德国统一和捷克斯洛伐克分离并列。
- 这三者被放在一起,正是因为它们展示了同样的力量所产生的结果的幅度。
A state or settlement that suppresses a national claim does not ____ it. · 一个压制民族诉求的国家并不能____它。
Which is why the causes are continuous with the course. · 这就是为什么起因与进程是连续的。
Causes and effects, stated plainly
- The objective is the causes and effects of mass atrocities in the period following World War II to the present.
- Causes: nationalist and separatist claims meeting states that contained several peoples, and the removal of a bloc structure that had suppressed them.
- Effects: populations displaced, states dissolved or reconfigured, and 9.4's instability in some former Soviet republics.
平实地陈述成因与效果
- 这一目标是第二次世界大战之后至今这一时期大规模暴行的成因与效果。
- 成因:民族主义与分离主义的主张遇上了容纳多个民族的国家,以及一个曾压制它们的阵营结构的消失。
- 效果:人口被迫流离、国家解体或被重构,以及 9.4 中一些前苏联加盟共和国的不稳定。
A state built to contain several peoples holds while an outside structure holds it. When that structure goes, the question of who the state belongs to is asked again, and nothing in the intervening decades has produced an agreed answer.
一个为容纳多个民族而建立的国家,在一个外部结构支撑它时得以维系。当那个结构消失,关于这个国家属于谁的问题又被重新提出,而其间的数十年并没有产生一个各方同意的答案。
Nationalist and separatist movements, along with ethnic conflict and ethnic cleansing, periodically disrupted the post-World War II peace. The causes are continuous with the course — 7.2's nationalism and 9.4's rise of new nationalisms in Central and Eastern Europe — and 9.7 places Yugoslavia dissolved beside German reunification and the Czech-Slovak separation, showing the range of outcomes the same forces produced.
民族主义与分离主义运动,连同族群冲突与族群清洗,不时打断了第二次世界大战之后的和平。其成因与本课程是连续的——7.2 的民族主义与 9.4 的中欧与东欧新民族主义的兴起——而 9.7 把南斯拉夫解体与德国统一、捷克斯洛伐克分离并置,展示了同样的力量所产生的结果的幅度。