The Great Depression · 大萧条
One sentence, cause and effect
- The Great Depression, caused by weaknesses in international trade and monetary theories and practices, undermined Western European democracies and fomented radical political responses throughout Europe.
- The cause is technical: weaknesses in international trade and monetary theories and practices, not a single crash.
- The effects are political: democracies undermined, radical responses fomented.
一句话,成因与效果
- 大萧条由国际贸易与货币理论及实践中的种种缺陷所引起,削弱了西欧的民主政体,并在整个欧洲煽动了激进的政治回应。
- 成因是技术性的:国际贸易与货币理论及实践中的种种缺陷,而不是一次单独的崩盘。
- 效果是政治性的:民主政体被削弱,激进回应被煽动。
Select both · 两者 weaknesses the CED blames for the Depression. · 选出 CED 归咎于大萧条的两项缺陷。
Two things, not one — and it faults the ideas as well. · 是两件事,不是一件——而且它也归咎于那些观念。
'Theories and practices' is doing work
- The CED faults the ideas as well as the arrangements — a rare move, and worth borrowing.
- So an answer may legitimately say that the doctrines governments held made the crisis worse.
- That connects the economic story to 6.9's liberalism, which had already shifted once from laissez-faire to intervention.
"理论及实践"在起作用
- CED 归咎的既有那些安排,也有那些观念——这是罕见的一步,值得借用。
- 因此答案可以正当地说:政府所持的学说使这场危机变得更糟。
- 这就把经济的故事与 6.9 的自由主义联系起来,那种自由主义已经从自由放任转向干预过一次。
The CED's verb for what happened to Western European democracies is... · CED 用来描述西欧民主政体遭遇的动词是……
A weakening — some survived the decade. · 一种弱化——其中一些挺过了那个十年。
Undermined, not destroyed
- Undermined describes a weakening, and the CED chooses it over a stronger verb deliberately.
- Some Western European democracies survived the decade; the claim is about pressure, not universal collapse.
- Keeping that distinction is what separates an accurate answer from a dramatic one.
被削弱,而非被摧毁
- 削弱描述的是一种弱化,而 CED 有意选用它而非一个更强的动词。
- 一些西欧民主政体挺过了那个十年;这项主张关乎压力,而不是普遍的崩溃。
- 保持这一区分,正是准确的答案与戏剧化的答案之间的分野。
Follow the Depression into radical politics · 从大萧条走进激进政治
The conditions are the environment; the claim is that the existing order had already failed twice. · 这些条件是环境;论断在于既有秩序此前已经失败过两次。
The Depression ____ radical political responses throughout Europe. · 大萧条在整个欧洲 ____ 了激进的政治回应。
The CED does not say in which direction. · CED 并没有说是哪个方向。
'Undermined' describes a weakening, not a collapse. The CED says the Depression undermined Western European democracies — some survived the decade, so the claim is about pressure, and an answer that reports universal collapse has overstated a carefully chosen verb.
"削弱"描述的是弱化,不是崩溃。CED 说大萧条削弱了西欧的民主政体——其中一些挺过了那个十年,因此这项主张关乎压力,而报告普遍崩溃的答案,夸大了一个被谨慎选用的动词。
The CED faults the economic theories, not only the practices. · CED 归咎的不只是实践,还有那些经济理论。
A rare move, and worth borrowing in an answer. · 这是罕见的一步,值得在答案中借用。
Radical responses, throughout Europe
- Fomented radical political responses throughout Europe — the CED does not say which direction.
- 8.6 then names economic instability among the conditions in which fascism gained popularity.
- So the Depression is a named cause of 8.6, and writing that link is worth more than any number of statistics.
遍及欧洲的激进回应
- 在整个欧洲煽动了激进的政治回应——CED 并没有说是哪个方向。
- 随后 8.6 把经济不稳定列在法西斯主义得以流行的条件之中。
- 因此大萧条是 8.6 的一项被点名的成因,而写出这条联系,比多少统计数字都更有价值。
The Depression connects to 8.6 because 8.6 names... · 大萧条与 8.6 相连,因为 8.6 点出了……
Writing that link is worth more than statistics. · 写出这条联系,比统计数字更有价值。
Causes and effects of a global crisis
- The objective is the causes and effects of the global economic crisis in the 1920s and 1930s.
- Causes: weaknesses in international trade and in monetary theories and practices — two things, not one.
- Effects: democracies undermined, radical politics fomented, and the conditions 8.6 will build on.
一场全球危机的成因与效果
- 这一目标是1920 与 1930 年代全球经济危机的成因与效果。
- 成因:国际贸易中的缺陷,以及货币理论与实践中的缺陷——是两件事,不是一件。
- 效果:民主政体被削弱、激进政治被煽动,以及 8.6 将在其上建造的那些条件。
A government holds a doctrine that says the correct response to falling revenue is to spend less. It follows the doctrine, demand falls further, and the doctrine tells it to cut again. Nothing has gone wrong with the machinery; the instructions themselves are the fault.
一个政府持有一套学说,认为面对收入下降的正确回应是减少支出。它遵循了这套学说,需求进一步下滑,而这套学说又叫它再削减一次。机器本身并没有出故障;出问题的正是那些指令。
The Great Depression, caused by weaknesses in international trade and monetary theories and practices, undermined Western European democracies and fomented radical political responses throughout Europe. The CED faults the theories as well as the practices; undermined is a weakening, not a collapse; and economic instability reappears in 8.6 as a condition for fascism.
大萧条由国际贸易与货币理论及实践中的种种缺陷所引起,削弱了西欧的民主政体,并在整个欧洲煽动了激进的政治回应。CED 归咎的既有实践也有理论;削弱是弱化,不是崩溃;而经济不稳定在 8.6 中作为法西斯主义的一项条件再度出现。