Romanticism and Revival · 浪漫主义与复兴
Rousseau opens the door
- Rousseau questioned the exclusive reliance on reason and emphasised the role of emotions in the moral improvement of self and society.
- Note exclusive: the objection is to reason as the only faculty, not to reason itself.
- And note the aim — moral improvement — which makes this an Enlightenment argument turned against an Enlightenment habit.
卢梭打开了门
- 卢梭质疑对理性的排他性依赖,并强调情感在个人与社会道德改善中的作用。
- 注意排他性:反对的是把理性当作唯一的官能,而不是反对理性本身。
- 也要注意其目标——道德改善——这使之成为一个被转过来对付启蒙习惯的启蒙论证。
Rousseau's objection was to... · 卢梭的反对意见是针对……
Reason as the only faculty, not reason itself. · 理性作为唯一的能力，而非理性本身。
Romanticism as a challenge
- Romanticism emerged as a challenge to Enlightenment rationality.
- The CED's word is challenge, not replacement: the two coexist, argue, and borrow from each other.
- This is the concrete content of the thread's not unchallenged — the qualifier finally gets a movement.
作为挑战的浪漫主义
- 浪漫主义作为对启蒙理性的挑战而出现。
- CED 用的词是挑战,不是取代:二者共存、争辩,并彼此借用。
- 这正是那条线索中并非未受挑战的具体内容——这个限定词终于有了一场运动。
Rousseau emphasised emotions in the ____ improvement of self and society. · 卢梭强调了____自我和社会道德进步中的情感因素。
An Enlightenment aim, turned against an Enlightenment habit. · 启蒙运动的目标，却针对启蒙运动的习惯。
Religious revival, alongside
- Consistent with the Romantic Movement, religious revival occurred in Europe and included notable movements such as Methodism, founded by John Wesley.
- Consistent with is a claim of kinship, not of cause: revival and Romanticism share a temper.
- Both privilege inner experience over the demonstrable, which is why the CED files them together.
与之并行的宗教复兴
- 与浪漫主义运动相一致,宗教复兴在欧洲出现,其中包括由约翰·卫斯理创立的卫理公会等著名运动。
- 与……相一致是一种亲缘性的主张,而非因果的主张:复兴与浪漫主义共享一种气质。
- 两者都把内在体验置于可证明之物之上,这正是 CED 把它们归在一起的原因。
Rousseau, the movements, or the evidence? · 卢梭、运动，还是证据？
Sort each element of the challenge to reason. · 对理性挑战的每个要素进行排序。
The CED says Romanticism emerged as a... · CED指出浪漫主义兴起为一种……
The two coexist, argue, and borrow from each other. · 两者并存、争论并相互借鉴。
Rousseau objected to the exclusive reliance on reason. The target is reason as the only faculty, not reason itself — and his aim, the moral improvement of self and society, is an Enlightenment aim. Reading him as anti-Enlightenment loses what makes the challenge interesting.
**卢梭反对的是对理性的排他性依赖。**其目标是把理性当作唯一官能的做法,而不是理性本身——而他的目的,个人与社会的道德改善,是一个启蒙式的目的。把他读成反启蒙的,就丢掉了这一挑战之所以有趣的地方。
The CED's named revival movement is Methodism, founded by John ____. · CED命名的复兴运动是卫理公会，由约翰____创立。
Consistent with the Romantic Movement — kinship, not cause. · 与浪漫主义运动一致——是亲缘关系，而非因果关系。
Mass politics has an emotional power
- Revolution, war, and rebellion demonstrated the emotional power of mass politics and nationalism.
- Demonstrated is the key verb: the events of 5.4-5.7 are the evidence for the claim.
- So this bullet closes the loop — the unit's political history is itself an argument against reliance on reason alone.
大众政治有一种情感力量
- 革命、战争与叛乱,展示了大众政治与民族主义的情感力量。
- 展示是关键动词:5.4 至 5.7 的事件,就是这一主张的证据。
- 因此这一条闭合了回路——本单元的政治史本身,就是一个反对仅仅依赖理性的论证。
The CED says revolution, war and rebellion demonstrated the emotional power of mass politics. · CED称革命、战争和叛乱证明了大众政治的情感力量。
The unit's political history is itself an argument against reliance on reason alone. · 该单元的政治史本身即是对仅依赖理性的一种论证。
How and why the challenge came
- The objective asks how and why the Romantic Movement and religious revival challenged Enlightenment thought.
- How: by promoting emotion, inner experience and the particular over exclusive reason and the universal.
- Why: because reason alone had been shown, in politics, not to account for what people actually did.
这一挑战如何以及为何到来
- 这一目标追问浪漫主义运动与宗教复兴如何以及为何挑战了启蒙思想。
- 如何:通过推崇情感、内在体验与具体之物,以对抗排他的理性与普遍之物。
- 为何:因为在政治上,仅凭理性已被证明无法解释人们实际的所作所为。
A generation is told that clear reasoning will settle public questions, and then watches a decade of revolution, terror and war in which crowds move for reasons no argument predicted. Some conclude the reasoning was wrong. Others conclude that reasoning was never the whole account.
一代人被告知清晰的推理将解决公共问题,随后目睹了十年的革命、恐怖与战争,其间人群的行动出于任何论证都未曾预料的理由。有些人由此断定那种推理是错的。另一些人则断定,推理从来就不是全部的解释。
Rousseau questioned the exclusive reliance on reason and emphasised emotions in the moral improvement of self and society; Romanticism emerged as a challenge to Enlightenment rationality; consistent with it, religious revival occurred, including Methodism, founded by John Wesley; and revolution, war and rebellion demonstrated the emotional power of mass politics and nationalism.
卢梭质疑对理性的排他性依赖,并强调情感在个人与社会道德改善中的作用;浪漫主义作为对启蒙理性的挑战而出现;与之相一致,宗教复兴出现,其中包括由约翰·卫斯理创立的卫理公会;而革命、战争与叛乱展示了大众政治与民族主义的情感力量。