A Worldwide Network · 全球网络
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| consumer revolution/kənˈsuːmə ˌrevəˈluːʃn/ | 消费革命 | xiāo fèi gé mìng |
One sentence, three revolutions
- The European-dominated worldwide economic network contributed to the agricultural, industrial and consumer revolutions in Europe.
- That single Key Concept names three transformations and gives them one shared cause.
- So the exam wants you to trace the network to each of the three, and the third is the one usually forgotten.
一句话,三场革命
- 由欧洲主导的世界性经济网络,促成了欧洲的农业革命、工业革命与消费革命。
- 这一条核心概念点出了三场变革,并给了它们一个共同的原因。
- 因此考试要你把这张网络追踪到这三者中的每一个,而第三个通常是被忘掉的那个。
Select all · 所有 three revolutions the CED links to the network. · 选择CED与该网络关联的三个革命。
The scientific revolution is unit 4. · 科学革命属于第4单元。
To the agricultural revolution
- The network supplied new crops (3.3) and new demand for European produce.
- It also supplied the profits that financed enclosure, drainage and improved stock.
- So the agricultural revolution is partly funded from outside Europe, which is a link students rarely make.
通向农业革命
- 这张网络提供了新作物(3.3),也提供了对欧洲农产品的新需求。
- 它还提供了为圈地、排水与改良畜种融资的利润。
- 因此农业革命的资金部分来自欧洲之外,而这是学生很少建立的一条联系。
A machine is worth building only if... · 只有当……时，机器才值得制造
The network is where the quantity was sold. · 网络是批量销售的场所。
To the industrial revolution
- The network supplied raw materials, and — more importantly — a market large enough to justify mechanisation.
- A machine only pays for itself if the output can be sold, and the network is where it was sold.
- That is why unit 6's industrialisation begins in a state with an overseas trading system already in place.
通向工业革命
- 这张网络提供了原材料,而更重要的是,提供了一个大到足以让机械化划算的市场。
- 一台机器只有在产出卖得出去时才收得回成本,而那张网络正是产出被卖出的地方。
- 这正是第六单元的工业化,始于一个已经拥有海外贸易体系之国家的原因。
Which of the three revolutions? · 三种革命中的哪一种？
Sort each contribution of the worldwide network. · 对全球网络的每个贡献进行分类。
The ____ revolution is the change in what ordinary households owned and expected to own. · ____革命是指普通家庭拥有和预期拥有的物品的变化。
It is the third of the three, and the one usually left out. · 它是三种革命中的第三种，通常被忽略的那一种。
The consumer revolution is the third of the CED's three, and the one usually left out. It is a change in what ordinary households owned — sugar, tea, printed cotton — which is how a worldwide network reached into everyday life, and it is directly examinable.
**消费革命是 CED 三者中的第三个,也是通常被遗漏的那个。**它是普通家户所拥有之物的一次变化——糖、茶、印花棉布——这正是一张世界性网络伸进日常生活的方式,而且它可以被直接考到。
Select all · 所有 the goods that moved from luxury to routine. · 选择从奢侈品变为日常用品的所有商品。
Iron ore is an industrial input, not a household good. · 铁矿石是工业投入品，而非家庭消费品。
And to the consumer revolution
- The consumer revolution 消费革命 is the change in what ordinary households owned and expected to own.
- Sugar, tea, coffee, tobacco, printed cotton and porcelain moved from luxury to routine.
- So a network on the other side of the world reaches into a kitchen — which is the CED's point about everyday life.
以及通向消费革命
- 消费革命(consumer revolution)是普通家户所拥有、以及期望拥有之物的一次变化。
- 糖、茶、咖啡、烟草、印花棉布与瓷器,从奢侈品变成了寻常物。
- 因此一张位于世界另一端的网络,伸进了一间厨房——这正是 CED 关于日常生活的要点。
3.3 and 3.4 share an objective, so an answer should use both. · 3.3和3.4共享一个目标，因此答案应同时使用两者。
3.3 is the domestic side; 3.4 is the global side. · 3.3是国内层面；3.4是全球层面。
Continuities and changes, again
- This subtopic shares 3.3's objective, so an answer draws on both.
- 3.3 gives the domestic side — yields, deregulation, putting-out, finance.
- 3.4 gives the global side, and the strongest answers use one of each and name the link between them.
再一次:延续与变化
- 本小节与 3.3 共用同一个目标,因此答案要同时取用两者。
- 3.3 给出国内的一面——产量、放松管制、包买制、金融。
- 3.4 给出全球的一面,而最好的答案会各取一项,并点出两者之间的联系。
A machine that spins thread is only worth building if the thread can be sold in quantity. The quantity exists because a trading network reaches markets far beyond the town. Mechanisation is therefore a consequence of the network as much as of the invention — which is what the CED's one sentence compresses.
一台纺线的机器,只有在纱线能够大量售出时才值得建造。而这样的数量之所以存在,是因为一张贸易网络触及了远超本城的市场。因此机械化既是发明的后果,也同样是这张网络的后果——而这正是 CED 那一句话所压缩起来的。
The European-dominated worldwide economic network contributed to the agricultural, industrial and consumer revolutions in Europe. It supplied new crops and profits to agriculture, raw materials and a market large enough to justify mechanisation to industry, and turned sugar, tea, cotton and porcelain from luxury into routine in the consumer revolution.
由欧洲主导的世界性经济网络,促成了欧洲的农业革命、工业革命与消费革命。它为农业提供了新作物与利润,为工业提供了原材料与一个大到足以让机械化划算的市场,并在消费革命中把糖、茶、棉布与瓷器从奢侈品变成了寻常物。