What the Trade Networks Did · 贸易网络的作用
Portugal built the first network
- The Portuguese established a commercial network along the African coast, in South and East Asia, and in South America in the late 15th and throughout the 16th centuries.
- The CED gives the geography precisely: three regions and roughly a century.
- A commercial network is a chain of posts along a route, which is the trading-post model rather than territorial rule.
葡萄牙建起第一张网络
- 在十五世纪后期与整个十六世纪,葡萄牙人沿非洲海岸、在南亚与东亚,以及在南美建立起一张商业网络。
- CED 精确给出了地理范围:三个地区,大约一个世纪。
- 商业网络是沿一条航路排布的一串商站,这是商站模式,而不是领土统治。
Select all · 所有 the regions the CED places the Portuguese network in. · 选择CED将葡萄牙网络置于其中的所有地区。
Late 15th and throughout the 16th centuries. · 15世纪末至整个16世纪。
The centre of European economic power moved
- The exchange of goods shifted the centre of economic power in Europe from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic states and brought the latter into an expanding world economy.
- That is a change inside Europe caused by activity outside it — the cleanest example in the unit.
- Italian cities that had dominated the Mediterranean trade did not decline because they got worse; the routes moved.
欧洲经济权力的中心移动了
- 商品的交换,把欧洲经济权力的中心从地中海转移到大西洋沿岸国家,并把后者带入一个不断扩张的世界经济之中。
- 这是一场由欧洲之外的活动所引发的、发生在欧洲内部的变化——是本单元中最清晰的例子。
- 曾主导地中海贸易的意大利城市并不是因为自身变差而衰落的;是航路移动了。
The centre of European economic power shifted from the Mediterranean to... · 欧洲经济权力的中心从地中海转移到了……
A change inside Europe caused by activity outside it. · 欧洲内部因外部活动而发生的变化。
The Columbian Exchange, both ways
- The exchange of new plants, animals and diseases — the Columbian Exchange — created economic opportunities for Europeans.
- In some cases it also facilitated European subjugation and destruction of indigenous peoples, particularly in the Americas.
- The CED writes both sentences, and an answer that gives only one has quoted half the subtopic.
哥伦布大交换,双向的
- 新植物、新动物与新疾病的交换——哥伦布大交换——为欧洲人创造了经济机会。
- 在某些情况下,它也便利了欧洲人对原住民的征服与毁灭,尤其是在美洲。
- CED 写下了这两句话,而只给出其中一句的答案,只引用了本小节的一半。
Economic impact, social impact, or the network itself? · 经济影响、社会影响还是网络本身？
Sort each item by which objective it answers. · 按每个项目回答的目标对其进行排序。
Select all · 所有 three results the CED names for colonial expansion. · 选择CED命名的殖民扩张的所有三项结果。
The CED states them plainly, and the exam expects them stated plainly. · CED明确陈述了它们，考试也期望明确陈述。
The CED writes both halves of the Columbian Exchange. It created economic opportunities for Europeans and in some cases facilitated European subjugation and destruction of indigenous peoples. An answer giving only opportunity, or only destruction, has quoted half of what it is answering from.
CED 写下了哥伦布大交换的两半。它为欧洲人创造了经济机会,并在某些情况下便利了欧洲人对原住民的征服与毁灭。只给出机会、或只给出毁灭的答案,只引用了它所依据之内容的一半。
The CED describes the Columbian Exchange only as an economic opportunity. · CED仅将哥伦布大交换描述为一种经济机遇。
It also says it in some cases facilitated subjugation and destruction. · 它还指出它在某些情况下促进了奴役和毁灭。
The full statement of the consequences
- Europe's colonial expansion led to a global exchange of goods, flora, fauna, cultural practices and diseases, resulting in the destruction of some indigenous civilisations, a shift toward European dominance, and the expansion of the trade in enslaved persons.
- Three named results: destruction, dominance, an expanded trade in enslaved persons.
- The CED states them plainly, and the exam expects them stated plainly too.
后果的完整陈述
- 欧洲的殖民扩张带来了商品、植物、动物、文化实践与疾病的全球交换,其结果是一些原住民文明的毁灭、向欧洲支配地位的转移,以及奴隶贸易的扩大。
- 三项被点名的结果:毁灭、支配、扩大的奴隶贸易。
- CED 把它们平白地陈述出来,而考试也期待你平白地陈述它们。
Match each piece of evidence to its objective. · 将每项证据与其目标匹配。
Two objectives, and they take different evidence. · 两个目标，且它们需要不同的证据。
Economic and social impacts, separately
- This subtopic carries two objectives — economic impact and social and cultural impact — and they take different evidence.
- Economic: the Atlantic shift, new goods, and the profits of a network.
- Social and cultural: cultural practices exchanged, civilisations destroyed, and populations enslaved.
分开处理经济影响与社会影响
- 本小节承载两个目标——经济影响与社会与文化影响——而它们取用不同的证据。
- 经济:大西洋的转移、新商品,以及一张网络的利润。
- 社会与文化:被交换的文化实践、被毁灭的文明,以及被奴役的人口。
Venice does not become worse at trade in 1500. The goods that had made it rich begin arriving by a route that does not pass it. That is what "the centre of economic power shifted" means, and it is why a change outside Europe reorganised power inside it.
威尼斯在 1500 年并没有变得不擅长贸易。曾使它富庶的那些商品,开始经由一条不经过它的航路抵达。这就是"经济权力中心发生转移"的含义,也是欧洲之外的一场变化重组了欧洲内部权力的原因。
The Portuguese established a commercial network along the African coast, in South and East Asia and in South America. The exchange of goods shifted the centre of European economic power from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic states. The Columbian Exchange created economic opportunities for Europeans and in some cases facilitated subjugation and destruction of indigenous peoples, with expansion resulting in destruction of some indigenous civilisations, a shift toward European dominance, and the expansion of the trade in enslaved persons.
葡萄牙人沿非洲海岸、在南亚与东亚以及南美建立起一张商业网络。 商品的交换把欧洲经济权力的中心从地中海转移到大西洋沿岸国家。 哥伦布大交换为欧洲人创造了经济机会,并在某些情况下便利了对原住民的征服与毁灭,而扩张的结果是一些原住民文明的毁灭、向欧洲支配地位的转移,以及奴隶贸易的扩大。