Impacts of Mining · 采矿的影响
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| mining/ˈmaɪnɪŋ/ | 采矿 | cǎi kuàng |
| surface mining/ˈsɜːfɪs ˈmaɪnɪŋ/ | 露天开采 | lù tiān kāi cǎi |
| subsurface mining/ˈsʌbsəfɪs ˈmaɪnɪŋ/ | 地下开采 | dì xià kāi cǎi |
| tailings/ˈteɪlɪŋz/ | 尾矿 | wěi kuàng |
Digging up resources
- Metals, minerals, and coal all come from the ground.
- To get them, we dig — sometimes on a colossal scale.
- Mining supplies the materials for modern life.
- But it can scar the land and pollute for generations.
挖出资源
- 金属、矿物和煤都来自地里。
- 为了得到它们,我们挖——有时以巨大的规模。
- 采矿供应现代生活的材料。
- 但它能使土地留下疤痕,并污染好几代。
Two ways to mine
- Mining 采矿 extracts minerals, metals, and fuels from the Earth.
- Surface mining 露天开采 strips away soil and rock to reach deposits near the top.
- It is cheaper but destroys the land above, leaving huge open pits and scars.
- Subsurface mining 地下开采 tunnels deep underground instead.
两种采矿方式
- 采矿(mining)从地球提取矿物、金属和燃料。
- 露天开采(surface mining)剥去土壤和岩石,以够到靠近顶部的矿藏。
- 它更便宜,但破坏上面的土地,留下巨大的露天坑和疤痕。
- 地下开采(subsurface mining)则在地下深处挖隧道。
Mining is… · 采矿是……
Mining extracts valuable minerals, metals, and fuels like coal from the Earth. · 采矿从地球提取有价值的矿物、金属和像煤这样的燃料。
Waste and pollution
- Getting metal from ore leaves behind toxic waste rock called tailings 尾矿.
- Tailings can leak acids and heavy metals into soil and water for decades.
- Mining also uses huge amounts of water and energy.
- And it destroys the habitat that once covered the site.
废物与污染
- 从矿石中提取金属,留下叫做尾矿(tailings)的有毒废石。
- 尾矿能几十年地把酸和重金属渗进土壤和水。
- 采矿也用大量的水和能量。
- 而且它破坏曾经覆盖矿址的栖息地。
Surface mining causes which impact? · 露天开采造成哪个影响?
Surface mining strips away the land above, destroying habitat and leaving big scars. · 露天开采剥去上面的土地,破坏栖息地,留下大的疤痕。
The leftover toxic waste rock from processing ore is called . · 加工矿石留下的有毒废石叫做。
Tailings are toxic waste from mining that can pollute soil and water for a long time. · 尾矿是采矿产生的有毒废物,能长期污染土壤和水。
Repairing the damage
- After mining, a site can be restored — a process called reclamation.
- The land is reshaped, covered with soil, and replanted.
- Reclamation helps habitat and soil slowly return.
- It cannot undo all the damage, but it makes recovery possible.
修复损害
- 采矿之后,一个矿址能被修复——一个叫做复垦的过程。
- 土地被重新塑造、覆盖上土壤、重新种植。
- 复垦帮助栖息地和土壤慢慢回归。
- 它不能撤销所有的损害,但它让恢复成为可能。
Surface or subsurface mining? · 露天还是地下开采?
Sort each feature by whether it describes surface mining or underground (subsurface) mining. · 按照每个特征描述的是露天开采还是地下开采,给它们分类。
Restoring a mined area afterward (reclamation) can help the land recover. · 事后修复一个采过矿的区域(复垦)能帮助土地恢复。
Reclamation reshapes and replants a mine site, helping soil and habitat slowly return. · 复垦重新塑造并重新种植一个矿址,帮助土壤和栖息地慢慢回归。
Select all · 所有 true statements about mining. · 选出关于采矿的所有正确说法。
Mining has serious environmental impacts. The other three are correct. · 采矿有严重的环境影响。其余三条正确。
Mining's damage does not end when the mine closes. Tailings and exposed rock can keep leaking toxic acids and metals into rivers for decades — long after the last mineral is taken. The pollution outlasts the profit unless the site is carefully cleaned up.
采矿的损害不在矿关闭时结束。尾矿和暴露的岩石能几十年地把有毒的酸和金属渗进河流——在最后一块矿物被取走后很久。除非矿址被小心地清理,污染比利润持续得更久。
Acid drainage from an old mine:
- A closed mine leaves behind piles of tailings and exposed rock.
- Rain reacts with the rock to form acid, which washes heavy metals into a stream.
- Fish and plants die downstream for years — a long-lasting cost from mining that ended long ago.
一座旧矿的酸性排水:
- 一座关闭的矿留下一堆堆尾矿和暴露的岩石。
- 雨与岩石反应形成酸,把重金属冲进一条溪流。
- 下游的鱼和植物死去好多年——一个来自很久前结束的采矿的、持久的代价。
Mining extracts minerals and fuels from the Earth. Surface mining scars the land and removes habitat; subsurface mining tunnels underground. Both leave toxic tailings that can pollute water for decades. Reclamation — reshaping and replanting a mine site — helps the land recover.
采矿从地球提取矿物和燃料。露天开采使土地留下疤痕、移除栖息地;地下开采在地下挖隧道。两者都留下能几十年污染水的有毒尾矿。复垦——重新塑造并重新种植矿址——帮助土地恢复。