Impacts of Urbanization · 城市化的影响
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| urbanization/ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | 城市化 | chéng shì huà |
| impervious surfaces/ɪmˈpɜːvɪəs ˈsɜːfɪsɪz/ | 不透水面 | bù tòu shuǐ miàn |
| urban heat island/ˈɜːbən hiːt ˈaɪlənd/ | 城市热岛 | chéng shì rè dǎo |
The growing city
- More than half the world now lives in cities.
- As people move in, towns spread out over the land.
- Cities bring jobs and opportunity — but reshape the environment.
- This growth of cities is called urbanization.
增长的城市
- 现在世界上一半以上的人生活在城市里。
- 随着人们搬入,城镇在土地上蔓延开来。
- 城市带来工作和机会——但重塑环境。
- 这种城市的增长叫做城市化。
What urbanization is
- Urbanization 城市化 is the growth of towns and cities.
- People move from the countryside seeking work and services.
- Buildings, roads, and car parks replace fields and forests.
- This transforms both the land and how water and heat behave.
什么是城市化
- 城市化(urbanization)是城镇和城市的增长。
- 人们从乡村搬来,寻找工作和服务。
- 建筑、道路和停车场取代田地和森林。
- 这既改变土地,也改变水和热的行为方式。
Urbanization is… · 城市化是……
Urbanization is the growth of cities as more people move from the countryside into towns. · 城市化是随着更多人从乡村搬进城镇,城市的增长。
Paved surfaces and flooding
- Cities cover the ground with concrete and tarmac.
- These impervious surfaces 不透水面 stop rain from soaking into the soil.
- Instead, water runs off fast, overwhelming drains and causing floods.
- The polluted runoff also carries oil and litter into rivers.
铺过的表面与洪水
- 城市用混凝土和沥青覆盖地面。
- 这些不透水表面(impervious surfaces)阻止雨渗入土壤。
- 相反,水快速径流,让下水道不堪重负,造成洪水。
- 被污染的径流还把油和垃圾带进河流。
Covering land with concrete and roads creates impervious surfaces, which… · 用混凝土和道路覆盖土地造出不透水表面,它……
Impervious surfaces block rain from soaking in, so water runs off fast and causes flooding. · 不透水表面阻止雨渗入,所以水快速径流并造成洪水。
Cities being warmer than the surrounding countryside is called the urban heat . · 城市比周围乡村更暖,叫做城市热。
The urban heat island effect: dark roofs and roads absorb heat, warming the city. · 城市热岛效应:深色的屋顶和道路吸收热量,使城市变暖。
Heat and habitat
- Dark roofs and roads absorb the Sun's heat, so a city is warmer than the countryside — the urban heat island 城市热岛 effect.
- More traffic and industry mean more air pollution.
- And building over natural land destroys wildlife habitat.
- Urban growth changes the local climate as well as the landscape.
热与栖息地
- 深色的屋顶和道路吸收太阳的热量,所以城市比乡村更暖——城市热岛(urban heat island)效应。
- 更多的交通和工业意味着更多的空气污染。
- 而在自然土地上建设会破坏野生动物的栖息地。
- 城市增长改变地方气候,也改变地貌。
What does urbanization cause? · 城市化造成什么?
Sort each effect of urban growth by the environmental problem it causes. · 按照城市增长的每个影响造成的环境问题,给它们分类。
Building cities over natural land destroys wildlife habitat. · 在自然土地上建城市会破坏野生动物的栖息地。
Urban growth paves over forests and fields, removing the habitat that species depend on. · 城市增长把森林和田地铺平,移除物种依赖的栖息地。
Select all · 所有 true statements about urbanization. · 选出关于城市化的所有正确说法。
Urbanization brings real environmental problems. The other three are correct. · 城市化带来真实的环境问题。其余三条正确。
An impervious surface does not just get wet — it changes how a whole watershed behaves. Where soil once soaked up rain and released it slowly, concrete sends it rushing straight into drains. That is why paving over a city can turn a normal rainstorm into a flash flood.
一个不透水表面不只是变湿——它改变整个流域的行为方式。曾经土壤吸收雨、慢慢释放它的地方,混凝土把它径直冲进下水道。这就是为什么把一座城市铺平能把一场普通的暴雨变成一场山洪。
Rain on soil versus concrete:
- In a forest, rain soaks into the soil, feeding plants and refilling groundwater.
- In a city, the same rain hits concrete and rushes into drains all at once.
- The drains overflow, streets flood, and the water — now full of pollution — pours into the river. The land use changed the flood.
雨落在土壤对比落在混凝土上:
- 在森林里,雨渗入土壤,喂养植物、补充地下水。
- 在城市里,同样的雨打在混凝土上,一下子冲进下水道。
- 下水道溢出,街道被淹,而水——现在满是污染——涌进河里。土地利用改变了这场洪水。
Urbanization is the growth of cities. It covers land with impervious surfaces that stop rain soaking in, increasing runoff and flooding. Dark surfaces create the urban heat island effect, traffic worsens air pollution, and building over natural land destroys habitat.
城市化是城市的增长。它用不透水表面覆盖土地,阻止雨渗入,增加径流和洪水。深色的表面造出城市热岛效应,交通加剧空气污染,而在自然土地上建设破坏栖息地。