Demographic Transition · 人口转变
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| demographic transition/ˌdeməˈɡræfɪk trænˈsɪʃn/ | 人口转变 | rén kǒu zhuǎn biàn |
| pre-industrial/priː ɪnˈdʌstrɪəl/ | 工业化前 | gōng yè huà qián |
A predictable journey
- As countries develop, their populations change in a predictable way.
- First they grow explosively, then the growth slows and stops.
- This pattern has repeated across nation after nation.
- It is called the demographic transition.
一段可预测的旅程
- 随着国家发展,它们的人口以可预测的方式变化。
- 首先它们爆炸性增长,然后增长减慢并停止。
- 这个模式在一个又一个国家重复出现。
- 它叫做人口转变。
The four stages
- The demographic transition 人口转变 has four stages.
- Stage 1 (pre-industrial 工业化前): high birth and death rates, so the population is small and stable.
- Stage 2 (early developing): the death rate falls but birth stays high — rapid growth.
- Stage 3 (industrialising): the birth rate now falls too — growth slows.
四个阶段
- 人口转变(demographic transition)有四个阶段。
- 第一阶段(工业化前(pre-industrial)):高出生率和死亡率,所以人口小而稳定。
- 第二阶段(早期发展):死亡率下降但出生率保持高——快速增长。
- 第三阶段(工业化中):出生率现在也下降——增长减慢。
The demographic transition describes how, as a country develops… · 人口转变描述随着一个国家发展……
The demographic transition is the shift from high birth and death rates to low ones as a country develops. · 人口转变是随着一个国家发展,从高出生率和死亡率转向低的转变。
Where growth is fastest
- The fastest growth is in Stage 2.
- Better food, medicine, and sanitation cut the death rate.
- But families still have many children, so births far outnumber deaths.
- This gap produces the population explosion.
增长在哪里最快
- 最快的增长在第二阶段。
- 更好的食物、医药和卫生削减了死亡率。
- 但家庭仍然生许多孩子,所以出生远多于死亡。
- 这个差距产生了人口爆炸。
The demographic transition · 人口转变
Step through the stages - as a country develops, birth and death rates fall and growth slows. · 一步步走过各阶段——随着一个国家发展,出生率和死亡率下降,增长减慢。
In which stage does the population grow fastest? · 在哪个阶段人口增长最快?
In Stage 2, falling deaths and still-high births create the fastest growth. · 在第二阶段,下降的死亡和仍然高的出生造成最快的增长。
Reaching stability
- In Stage 4 (developed), both birth and death rates are low.
- Education, cities, and wealth mean smaller families.
- The population is large but roughly stable.
- Most wealthy countries have reached this final stage.
达到稳定
- 在第四阶段(发达),出生率和死亡率都低。
- 教育、城市和财富意味着更小的家庭。
- 人口大但大致稳定。
- 大多数富裕国家已经达到这个最后阶段。
In the final stage, both birth and death rates are , so the population is roughly stable. · 在最后阶段,出生率和死亡率都,所以人口大致稳定。
By Stage 4, both rates are low, so a developed country's population is large but stable. · 到第四阶段,两种率都低,所以一个发达国家的人口大而稳定。
Development, education, and healthcare help a country move through the demographic transition. · 发展、教育和医疗帮助一个国家通过人口转变。
As living standards, education, and healthcare improve, birth and death rates both fall. · 随着生活水平、教育和医疗改善,出生率和死亡率都下降。
Select all · 所有 true statements about the demographic transition. · 选出关于人口转变的所有正确说法。
By Stage 4, growth slows and can even stop. The other three are correct. · 到第四阶段,增长减慢甚至可能停止。其余三条正确。
Notice that death rates fall before birth rates. That lag is exactly why the population booms in Stage 2 — deaths drop quickly, but it takes a generation or two for families to choose to have fewer children. The gap between the two is the source of rapid growth.
注意死亡率先于出生率下降。那个滞后正是为什么人口在第二阶段暴涨——死亡快速下降,但家庭要选择生更少的孩子需要一两代人。两者之间的差距是快速增长的来源。
A country developing over a century:
- In 1900 (Stage 1), it has high births and high deaths — a small, steady population.
- Medicine arrives (Stage 2): deaths fall, births stay high, and the population soars.
- By 2000 (Stage 4), education and cities lower births too — the population is large but stops growing.
一个国家在一个世纪里发展:
- 1900 年(第一阶段),它有高出生和高死亡——一个小而稳定的人口。
- 医药到来(第二阶段):死亡下降,出生保持高,人口飙升。
- 到 2000 年(第四阶段),教育和城市也降低了出生——人口大但停止增长。
The demographic transition describes how, as a country develops, it passes through four stages: from high birth and death rates (pre-industrial), through falling death rates and a population boom (Stage 2, fastest growth), to low birth and death rates and a stable population (Stage 4). Death rates fall before birth rates, causing the boom.
人口转变描述随着一个国家发展,它经过四个阶段:从高出生率和死亡率(工业化前),经过下降的死亡率和人口暴涨(第二阶段,增长最快),到低出生率和死亡率以及稳定的人口(第四阶段)。死亡率先于出生率下降,造成暴涨。