Food Chains and Food Webs · 食物链与食物网
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| food chain/fuːd tʃeɪn/ | 食物链 | shí wù liàn |
| food web/fuːd web/ | 食物网 | shí wù wǎng |
| keystone species/ˈkiːstəʊn ˈspiːsiːz/ | 关键种 | guān jiàn zhǒng |
Mapping who eats whom
- To understand an ecosystem, we track where its energy goes.
- The simplest picture is a straight line from plant to predator.
- But real life is far more tangled than a single line.
- Two tools — food chains and food webs — capture both views.
描绘谁吃谁
- 要理解一个生态系统,我们追踪它的能量去哪。
- 最简单的图是从植物到捕食者的一条直线。
- 但真实的生活远比一条单一的线纠缠。
- 两个工具——食物链和食物网——同时捕捉这两种视角。
A food chain: one path
- A food chain 食物链 shows a single path of energy.
- For example: grass → grasshopper → frog → snake.
- Each arrow points the way energy flows, from prey to predator.
- It is a simple, clear way to show one feeding route.
食物链:一条路径
- 一条食物链(food chain)显示能量的一条单一路径。
- 例如:草 → 蚱蜢 → 蛙 → 蛇。
- 每个箭头指向能量流动的方向,从猎物到捕食者。
- 它是显示一条摄食路线的简单、清晰的方式。
A food chain shows… · 一条食物链显示……
A food chain is one straight path of energy: producer → consumer → consumer. · 一条食物链是能量的一条直路径:生产者 → 消费者 → 消费者。
A food web: many paths
- Most animals eat more than one thing and are eaten by more than one.
- A food web 食物网 links many food chains together.
- It shows all the overlapping feeding paths in an ecosystem.
- A web is a much more realistic picture than a single chain.
食物网:许多路径
- 大多数动物吃不止一样东西,也被不止一样吃掉。
- 一张食物网(food web)把许多食物链连在一起。
- 它显示生态系统里所有重叠的摄食路径。
- 网比单一的链是真实得多的图。
Energy along a food chain · 沿食物链的能量
Follow energy from producers up the chain, losing about 90% at each link. · 跟随能量从生产者沿链向上,每一环损失大约 90%。
A food web is… · 一张食物网是……
A food web links many overlapping food chains, showing the many feeding paths in an ecosystem. · 一张食物网把许多重叠的食物链连起来,展示生态系统里众多的摄食路径。
Real ecosystems are better described as food ____ than single chains. · 真实的生态系统用食物____比用单一的链描述得更好。
Most animals eat several things and are eaten by several, so a web is more realistic than a chain. · 大多数动物吃好几样东西、也被好几样吃,所以网比链更真实。
Everything is connected
- Because a web is interconnected, its species depend on one another.
- Removing one species can ripple through many others.
- A keystone species 关键种 has an especially large effect for its size.
- Lose it, and the whole web can be thrown out of balance.
一切都相连
- 因为网是互联的,它的物种彼此依赖。
- 移除一个物种能波及许多其他物种。
- 一个关键种(keystone species)相对于它的大小有着特别大的影响。
- 失去它,整张网就可能被打破平衡。
Removing one species from a food web can affect many other species. · 从一张食物网中移除一个物种能影响许多其他物种。
Because the web is interconnected, losing one species ripples through many others. · 因为网是互联的,失去一个物种会波及许多其他物种。
Select all · 所有 true statements about food chains and webs. · 选出关于食物链和食物网的所有正确说法。
Real ecosystems are complex webs, not single chains. The other three are correct. · 真实的生态系统是复杂的网,不是单一的链。其余三条正确。
A single food chain is a simplification. Real ecosystems are food webs, because almost no animal eats just one thing. Always remember the web behind the chain — pulling on one strand tugs many others.
单一的食物链是一种简化。真实的生态系统是食物网,因为几乎没有动物只吃一样东西。永远记住链背后的网——拉动一根线会牵动许多其他的。
Remove the sea otters:
- In a kelp forest, otters eat sea urchins, and urchins eat kelp.
- Remove the otters and the urchins multiply, stripping the kelp bare.
- Fish, seals, and many other species that depend on the kelp then decline — one change, felt across the whole web.
移除海獭:
- 在一片海带林里,海獭吃海胆,海胆吃海带。
- 移除海獭,海胆就繁殖,把海带啃得精光。
- 依赖海带的鱼、海豹和许多其他物种随之减少——一个改变,被整张网感受到。
A food chain shows a single path of energy (producer → consumer → consumer). A food web links many chains, giving a realistic picture of an ecosystem's feeding paths. Because the web is interconnected, removing one species — especially a keystone species — can affect many others.
一条食物链显示能量的一条单一路径(生产者 → 消费者 → 消费者)。一张食物网把许多链连起来,给出一个生态系统摄食路径的真实图景。因为网是互联的,移除一个物种——尤其是一个关键种——能影响许多其他物种。