Trophic Levels · 营养级
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| trophic level/ˈtrəʊfɪk ˈlevl/ | 营养级 | yíng yǎng jí |
| producers/prəˈdjuːsəz/ | 生产者 | shēng chǎn zhě |
| primary consumer/ˈpraɪməri kənˈsuːmə/ | 初级消费者 | chū jí xiāo fèi zhě |
| decomposers/ˌdiːkəmˈpəʊzəz/ | 分解者 | fēn jiě zhě |
Who eats whom
- In any ecosystem, energy passes from one organism to the next by eating.
- Each step in this chain is a feeding level.
- These feeding levels are called trophic levels.
- They stack up from plants at the bottom to top predators at the top.
谁吃谁
- 在任何生态系统里,能量通过摄食从一个生物传到下一个。
- 这条链中的每一步是一个摄食级别。
- 这些摄食级别叫做营养级。
- 它们从底部的植物到顶部的顶级捕食者堆叠起来。
Producers: the foundation
- Every food chain starts with producers 生产者 — usually green plants.
- They capture the Sun's energy through photosynthesis.
- This makes them the base, or first, trophic level 营养级.
- Everything above them depends on the energy they capture.
生产者:基础
- 每条食物链都从生产者(producer)开始——通常是绿色植物。
- 它们通过光合作用捕获太阳的能量。
- 这让它们成为底部的、或第一个营养级(trophic level)。
- 它们上面的一切都依赖它们捕获的能量。
A trophic level is… · 一个营养级是……
A trophic level is one feeding step: producers, then primary consumers, then secondary, and so on. · 一个营养级是一个摄食步骤:生产者,然后初级消费者,然后次级,如此继续。
What is at the base of every food chain? · 每条食物链的底部是什么?
Producers · 生产者 (plants) form the base, capturing the Sun's energy for all levels above. · 生产者(植物)构成底部,为它上面所有级别捕获太阳的能量。
Consumers stack up
- A primary consumer 初级消费者 eats producers directly (a herbivore).
- A secondary consumer eats primary consumers.
- A tertiary consumer eats secondary consumers, and so on.
- Each higher level is a new trophic level, further from the Sun's energy.
消费者堆叠起来
- 初级消费者(primary consumer)直接吃生产者(食草动物)。
- 次级消费者吃初级消费者。
- 三级消费者吃次级消费者,如此继续。
- 每个更高的级别是一个新的营养级,离太阳的能量更远。
Build the trophic pyramid · 构建营养级金字塔
Stack the trophic levels - producers at the base feed each higher level of consumers. · 堆叠营养级——底部的生产者喂养每个更高级别的消费者。
An animal that eats a producer directly is a ____ consumer. · 一个直接吃生产者的动物是____消费者。
A primary consumer eats producers; a secondary consumer eats primary consumers. · 初级消费者吃生产者;次级消费者吃初级消费者。
Decomposers close the loop
- Decomposers 分解者 — bacteria and fungi — feed on dead organisms.
- They break dead matter down and release its nutrients.
- Those nutrients return to the soil for producers to reuse.
- So decomposers recycle the materials of life at every level.
分解者闭合循环
- 分解者(decomposer)——细菌和真菌——以死去的生物为食。
- 它们把死去的物质分解,释放它的养分。
- 那些养分回到土壤,供生产者重新使用。
- 所以分解者在每个级别循环利用生命的物质。
Decomposers break down dead organisms and recycle their nutrients. · 分解者分解死去的生物并循环利用它们的养分。
Decomposers (bacteria and fungi) return nutrients from dead matter to the soil. · 分解者(细菌和真菌)把死去物质的养分还给土壤。
Select all · 所有 true statements about trophic levels. · 选出关于营养级的所有正确说法。
Top predators sit at the top · 顶层, not the base. The other three are correct. · 顶级捕食者位于顶部,不是底部。其余三条正确。
Do not put the top predator at the bottom. Producers are always the base of a food chain, because they capture the energy everything else needs. The trophic levels build upward from producers to primary, secondary, and higher consumers.
不要把顶级捕食者放在底部。生产者永远是食物链的底部,因为它们捕获其他一切所需的能量。营养级从生产者向上建到初级、次级和更高的消费者。
A simple grassland chain:
- Grass (producer) → grasshopper (primary consumer) → frog (secondary consumer) → snake (tertiary consumer).
- Each arrow shows energy passing to the next trophic level.
- Decomposers feed on all of them when they die, recycling the nutrients.
一条简单的草原食物链:
- 草(生产者)→ 蚱蜢(初级消费者)→ 蛙(次级消费者)→ 蛇(三级消费者)。
- 每个箭头显示能量传到下一个营养级。
- 分解者在它们死去时以它们全部为食,循环利用养分。
A trophic level is a feeding position in a food chain. Producers form the base; a primary consumer eats producers, and higher consumers stack above. Decomposers feed on dead matter at every level, recycling nutrients back to the producers.
一个营养级是食物链中的一个摄食位置。生产者构成底部;初级消费者吃生产者,更高的消费者堆叠在上面。分解者在每个级别以死去的物质为食,把养分循环还给生产者。