Primary Productivity · 初级生产力
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| primary productivity/ˈpraɪməri ˌprɒdəkˈtɪvɪti/ | 初级生产力 | chū jí shēng chǎn lì |
| biomass/ˌbaɪəʊˈmæs/ | 生物量 | shēng wù liàng |
How fast an ecosystem makes food
- Every ecosystem runs on energy captured by its producers.
- Some ecosystems capture energy far faster than others.
- This rate of energy capture is called primary productivity.
- It sets the limit on how much life an ecosystem can support.
一个生态系统制造食物的速度
- 每个生态系统都靠它的生产者捕获的能量运行。
- 有些生态系统捕获能量比其他的快得多。
- 这个能量捕获的速率叫做初级生产力。
- 它设定了一个生态系统能支持多少生命的上限。
Gross primary productivity
- Primary productivity 初级生产力 is the rate producers capture and store energy.
- The total energy captured by photosynthesis is the gross primary productivity (GPP).
- Think of GPP as the whole paycheck a plant earns from sunlight.
- But the plant does not get to keep all of it.
总初级生产力
- 初级生产力(primary productivity)是生产者捕获并储存能量的速率。
- 光合作用捕获的总能量是总初级生产力(GPP)。
- 把 GPP 想成一株植物从阳光赚到的整份薪水。
- 但植物不能全部留下。
Primary productivity measures… · 初级生产力衡量……
Primary productivity is the rate at which producers capture energy and build biomass. · 初级生产力是生产者捕获能量并构建生物量的速率。
Minus respiration
- Producers must respire to power their own lives.
- Respiration burns some of the captured energy.
- So not all the captured energy is available for growth.
- What remains after respiration is what matters to the ecosystem.
减去呼吸
- 生产者必须呼吸,来给它们自己的生命供能。
- 呼吸烧掉一部分捕获的能量。
- 所以不是所有捕获的能量都能用于生长。
- 呼吸之后剩下的,才是对生态系统重要的。
From sunlight to stored energy · 从阳光到储存的能量
Step through how producers capture energy, use some for respiration, and store the rest as NPP. · 一步步走过生产者如何捕获能量、把一些用于呼吸,把其余的储存为 NPP。
How is net · 净 primary productivity (NPP) related to gross (GPP)? · 净初级生产力(NPP)与总(GPP)有什么关系?
NPP = GPP − respiration — the energy left over and stored as new growth. · NPP = GPP − 呼吸 ——剩下并作为新生长储存的能量。
The energy stored as new plant growth, available to consumers, is the net primary . · 作为新植物生长储存、可供消费者使用的能量,是净初级。
Net primary productivity is the energy actually available to feed the rest of the ecosystem. · 净初级生产力是真正可用于喂养生态系统其余部分的能量。
Net primary productivity
- Net primary productivity (NPP) is what is left over: $\text{NPP} = \text{GPP} - \text{respiration}$.
- NPP is the energy stored as new plant growth — new biomass 生物量.
- It is the energy actually available to feed consumers.
- Warm, sunny, nutrient-rich ecosystems have the highest NPP.
净初级生产力
- 净初级生产力(NPP)是剩下的:NPP = GPP − 呼吸。
- NPP 是作为新植物生长储存的能量——新的生物量(biomass)。
- 它是真正可用于喂养消费者的能量。
- 温暖、阳光充足、养分丰富的生态系统有最高的 NPP。
Tropical rainforests and coral reefs have very high primary productivity. · 热带雨林和珊瑚礁有非常高的初级生产力。
Warm, sunny, nutrient-rich places like rainforests and reefs are the most productive. · 像雨林和珊瑚礁这样温暖、阳光充足、养分丰富的地方生产力最高。
Select all · 所有 true statements about primary productivity. · 选出关于初级生产力的所有正确说法。
NPP is less than GPP because respiration is subtracted. The other three are correct. · NPP 小于 GPP,因为减去了呼吸。其余三条正确。
Do not confuse GPP and NPP. GPP is all the energy captured; NPP is what is left after the plant respires. Only NPP is available to the animals that eat the plants — so it is NPP, not GPP, that limits the ecosystem.
不要把 GPP 和 NPP 搞混。GPP 是捕获的全部能量;NPP 是植物呼吸之后剩下的。只有 NPP 可供吃植物的动物使用——所以限制生态系统的是 NPP,而不是 GPP。
Comparing two ecosystems:
- A tropical rainforest is warm, wet, and sunlit — its NPP is huge.
- A desert has little water, so its producers grow slowly — low NPP.
- The rainforest can support far more animal life, because its producers store far more energy.
比较两个生态系统:
- 一片热带雨林温暖、潮湿、阳光充足——它的 NPP 巨大。
- 一片沙漠水很少,所以它的生产者生长缓慢——低 NPP。
- 雨林能支持多得多的动物生命,因为它的生产者储存的能量多得多。
Primary productivity is the rate producers capture and store energy. Gross primary productivity (GPP) is all the energy captured; net primary productivity (NPP) is what remains after respiration: $\text{NPP} = \text{GPP} - \text{respiration}$. NPP is the new biomass available to consumers, and it sets how much life an ecosystem can support.
初级生产力是生产者捕获并储存能量的速率。总初级生产力(GPP)是捕获的全部能量;净初级生产力(NPP)是呼吸之后剩下的:NPP = GPP − 呼吸。NPP 是可供消费者使用的新生物量,它设定了一个生态系统能支持多少生命。