Introduction to Ecosystems · 生态系统导论
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| ecosystem/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ | 生态系统 | shēng tài xì tǒng |
| biotic/baɪˈɒtɪk/ | 生物的 | shēng wù de |
| abiotic/ˌæbɪˈɒtɪk/ | 非生物的 | fēi shēng wù de |
A web of living and non-living
- A forest is more than its trees — it is trees, animals, soil, water, and sunlight together.
- All these parts interact, forming a working whole.
- That whole is called an ecosystem.
- Environmental science begins by understanding how its parts fit together.
生物与非生物的网
- 一片森林不只是它的树——它是树、动物、土壤、水和阳光在一起。
- 所有这些部分相互作用,形成一个运作的整体。
- 那个整体叫做生态系统。
- 环境科学从理解它的各部分如何配合开始。
What an ecosystem is
- An ecosystem 生态系统 is a community of living things plus their non-living environment.
- The living things interact — eating, competing, cooperating.
- They also depend on non-living conditions like sunlight and water.
- Together, the living and non-living parts form one connected system.
什么是生态系统
- 生态系统(ecosystem)是一个生物群落加上它们的非生物环境。
- 生物相互作用——摄食、竞争、合作。
- 它们也依赖阳光和水这类非生物条件。
- 生物和非生物部分一起,构成一个相连的系统。
An ecosystem is… · 生态系统是……
An ecosystem is a community of living things interacting with each other and their non-living environment. · 生态系统是一个生物群落,它们彼此以及与非生物环境相互作用。
Biotic factors
- Biotic 生物的 factors are the living parts of an ecosystem.
- Plants, animals, fungi, and microbes are all biotic.
- They provide food, shelter, and competition for one another.
- Every biotic factor was once alive or is alive now.
生物因素
- 生物的(biotic)因素是生态系统中有生命的部分。
- 植物、动物、真菌和微生物都是生物。
- 它们为彼此提供食物、庇护和竞争。
- 每个生物因素都曾经活着或现在活着。
Which is a biotic factor? · 哪个是生物因素?
A biotic factor is living (like a fungus); sunlight, temperature and rain are abiotic (non-living). · 生物因素是有生命的(比如真菌);阳光、温度和雨是非生物的(无生命)。
Non-living parts of an ecosystem, like sunlight and water, are the ____ factors. · 生态系统中无生命的部分,比如阳光和水,是____因素。
Abiotic factors are the non-living conditions and resources an ecosystem depends on. · 非生物因素是一个生态系统所依赖的无生命的条件和资源。
Abiotic factors
- Abiotic 非生物的 factors are the non-living parts.
- Sunlight, temperature, water, air, and soil minerals are abiotic.
- They set the conditions that decide which species can live there.
- Change an abiotic factor, and the whole community can shift.
非生物因素
- 非生物的(abiotic)因素是无生命的部分。
- 阳光、温度、水、空气和土壤矿物质都是非生物的。
- 它们设定了决定哪些物种能在那里生活的条件。
- 改变一个非生物因素,整个群落就可能改变。
Living or non-living? · 生物还是非生物?
Sort each part of an ecosystem into its living (biotic) or non-living (abiotic) component. · 把生态系统的每个部分归入它的生物(有生命)或非生物(无生命)成分。
In an ecosystem, living things interact with each other and with their non-living environment. · 在一个生态系统里,生物彼此相互作用,也与它们的非生物环境相互作用。
An ecosystem is defined by these interactions between biotic and abiotic parts. · 一个生态系统由生物和非生物部分之间的这些相互作用来定义。
Select all · 所有 true statements about ecosystems. · 选出关于生态系统的所有正确说法。
An ecosystem includes non-living parts too, not only living things. The other three are correct. · 生态系统也包括非生物部分,不只是生物。其余三条正确。
An ecosystem is not just its living things. It always includes the abiotic environment too — sunlight, water, soil, and climate. Leave those out and you cannot explain why a desert and a rainforest hold such different life.
一个生态系统不只是它的生物。它总是也包括非生物环境——阳光、水、土壤和气候。把那些排除掉,你就无法解释为什么沙漠和雨林容纳如此不同的生命。
A pond as an ecosystem:
- Biotic: fish, frogs, algae, insects, and bacteria.
- Abiotic: the water, sunlight reaching it, temperature, and dissolved oxygen.
- Change one abiotic factor — say, the water warms — and the biotic community changes with it.
作为生态系统的一个池塘:
- 生物:鱼、蛙、藻类、昆虫和细菌。
- 非生物:水、照到它的阳光、温度和溶解氧。
- 改变一个非生物因素——比如水变暖——生物群落就随之改变。
An ecosystem is a community of living things interacting with each other and with their non-living surroundings. Its biotic (living) factors — plants, animals, microbes — depend on its abiotic (non-living) factors — sunlight, water, temperature, soil. The two together make one connected system.
生态系统是一个生物群落,它们彼此以及与它们的非生物环境相互作用。它的生物(有生命)因素——植物、动物、微生物——依赖它的非生物(无生命)因素——阳光、水、温度、土壤。两者一起构成一个相连的系统。