Evidence for Two Readings at Once · 同时为两种解读提供证据
One quotation, two jobs
- Evidence is used to illustrate, clarify, exemplify, associate, amplify or qualify a point — unchanged.
- When a poem holds two readings, one phrase often has to serve both.
- The commentary then has to do double work: what it means under reading one, and under reading two.
One phrase can wear two hats; the commentary must explain both jobs before it clocks out.
一处引文,两项工作
- 证据用来说明、澄清、举例、关联、放大或限定某个要点——这一点没有变。
- 当一首诗容纳两种解读时,一个短语往往要同时服务于两者。
- 此时评述就得做双份工作:在第一种解读下它意味着什么,在第二种解读下又意味着什么。
同一个短语可以戴两顶帽子；评述下班前得把两份工作都解释清楚。
For a two-reading claim, sufficiency means... · 对于双重解读的主张，充分性意味着……
Unequal support proves a preference, not an ambiguity. · 不平衡的支持证明的是偏好，而非模糊性。
Separate the supports
- For each reading, find the piece of text that makes it available.
- Usually they are different lines: one before the ambiguous phrase and one after.
- Quoting both, separately, is what proves the poem supports each rather than that you can imagine each.
把支持分开
- 对每一种解读,找出使它成立的那段文字。
- 通常它们是不同的诗行:一行在歧义短语之前,一行在其后。
- 分别引用两者,才证明这首诗对每一种都有支持,而不是你能想象出每一种。
Two readings need two ____ sentences, one for each relationship. · 两种解读需要两个____句，分别对应每种关系。
The second is the one students omit. · 第二句是学生常省略的。
Effectiveness still means commentary
- Evidence is effective when commentary explains a logical relationship between the evidence and the claim.
- With two readings there are two relationships, so two sentences.
- The second is the one students omit, and it is what makes the ambiguity claim stand up.
有效性依然在于评述
- 当评述解释了证据与主张之间的逻辑关系时,证据才是有效的。
- 有两种解读就有两层关系,因此需要两句话。
- 第二句正是学生会略去的,而它正是让歧义主张站得住的东西。
The support for both readings is usually the same line. · 支持两种解读的证据通常是同一行。
Usually different lines — one before the ambiguous phrase and one after. · 通常是不同的行——一行在模糊短语之前，一行在其后。
Three quotations for one reading and one for the other proves a preference, not an ambiguity. For a two-reading claim, sufficiency means balance — roughly equal support on each side, each with its own linking sentence.
一种解读三处引文、另一种一处,证明的是一种偏好,不是一处歧义。对于双重解读主张,充分性意味着均衡——两边得到大致相当的支持,各自配有自己的连接句。
Does this evidence set prove an ambiguity? · 这组证据能否确立模糊性？
Sort each set by what it actually establishes. · 根据每组实际确立的内容进行排序。
Match each quotation to the reading it supports. · 将每个引文与其支持的解读匹配。
The ambiguous phrase is what is being read; the other two are what read it. · 模糊短语是正在被解读的对象，其余两个是解读它的依据。
Sufficiency for a two-reading claim
- Evidence is sufficient when its quantity and quality provide apt support for the line of reasoning.
- For an ambiguity claim, apt means balanced: roughly equal support for each reading.
- Three quotations for one reading and one for the other proves a preference, not an ambiguity.
双重解读主张的充分性
- 当证据的数量与质量提供了恰当的支撑时,它才是充分的。
- 对于歧义主张,"恰当"意味着均衡:两种解读得到大致相当的支持。
- 一种解读三处引文、另一种一处,证明的是一种偏好,不是一处歧义。
Select all · 所有 the steps of the two-reading evidence pass. · 选择双重解读证据分析的所有步骤。
Deciding is what the ambiguity claim says the poem does not do. · 做出决定正是模糊性主张声称诗歌没有做的事情。
A two-reading evidence pass
- Quote the ambiguous phrase once.
- Quote the support for reading one, then the support for reading two.
- Write a linking sentence for each, and check the two sides are roughly balanced.
双重解读证据检查
- 把那个歧义短语引一次。
- 先引出对第一种解读的支持,再引出对第二种解读的支持。
- 为每一处写一句连接的话,并检查两边是否大致均衡。
Ambiguous phrase: she kept the house. Support for achievement: the previous line lists what she saved. Support for confinement: the next stanza has her "still at the same window." Two quotations, two linking sentences, one on each side — and now the ambiguity is evidenced, not asserted.
歧义短语:她守着这所房子。支持"成就"的:上一行列出了她保住的东西。支持"禁锢"的:下一节写她"仍在同一扇窗前"。两处引文、两句连接的话,一边一句——这样,这处歧义就是有证据的,而不是被断言的。
When one phrase serves two readings, quote the support for each separately — usually different lines. Evidence is effective only with commentary, so two readings need two linking sentences. Sufficiency here means balance: unequal support proves a preference, not an ambiguity.
当一个短语服务于两种解读时,要分别引出对每一种的支持——通常是不同的诗行。只有配上评述,证据才有效,因此两种解读需要两句连接的话。这里的充分性意味着均衡:支持不对等,证明的是偏好,不是歧义。