Representations of Solutions · 溶液的表示法
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| electrolyte/ɪˈlektrəlaɪt/ | 电解质 | diàn jiě zhì |
Drawing what's dissolved
- Zoom into salt water and you will not find salt crystals.
- You find separate sodium and chloride ions adrift.
- A good particle picture shows exactly what floats where.
- Reading these diagrams tells you what a solution really contains.
画出溶解了什么
- 放大看盐水,你不会找到盐晶体。
- 你会找到四处漂浮的、分开的钠离子和氯离子。
- 一幅好的粒子图精确显示什么漂在哪里。
- 读懂这些图,就知道溶液里到底有什么。
The particle-level picture
- A particulate diagram shows the actual particles in a solution.
- Water molecules surround each dissolved particle.
- The picture must match the real ratio of particles.
粒子层面的图像
- 粒子图显示溶液中真实的粒子。
- 水分子包围每一个溶解的粒子。
- 图必须符合粒子的真实比例。
A particle diagram must show the particles in their correct ratio. · 粒子示意图必须显示粒子处于正确的比例中。
The drawing has to match the real ratio of dissolved species. · 绘图必须与溶解物种的实际比例相符。
Splitting into ions
- An electrolyte 电解质 breaks into ions when it dissolves.
- $\text{NaCl} \to \text{Na}^+ + \text{Cl}^-$ gives two separate ions per unit.
- These free ions let the solution conduct electricity.
分裂成离子
- 电解质溶解时分裂成离子。
- $\text{NaCl} \to \text{Na}^+ + \text{Cl}^-$,每个单元给出两个分开的离子。
- 这些自由离子让溶液能导电。
When $\text{NaCl}$ dissolves, a particle diagram should show... · 当$\text{NaCl}$溶解时，粒子图应显示...
Ionic compounds dissociate into separate ions in solution. · 离子化合物在溶液中解离成单独的离子。
A solution of an electrolyte conducts electricity because it contains free ions. · 电解质溶液能导电是因为其中含有自由移动的离子。
Mobile ions carry charge through the solution. · 可移动离子携带电荷穿过溶液。
Ions or whole molecules
- Ionic compounds dissociate into ions, so they are electrolytes.
- Molecular solutes like sugar dissolve as whole molecules.
- So sugar water does not conduct, but salt water does.
离子还是整个分子
- 离子化合物解离成离子,所以是电解质。
- 像糖这样的分子溶质以整个分子的形式溶解。
- 所以糖水不导电,而盐水导电。
A dissolved salt, particle by particle · 逐个粒子展示溶解的盐
Tap each part of a sodium chloride solution to see how water keeps the ions apart. · 点击氯化钠溶液的每一部分，观察水如何使离子分开。
When sugar dissolves in water, it exists as... · 当糖溶解在水中时，它以...形式存在
Sugar is molecular, so it dissolves without splitting into ions. · 糖是分子物质，因此溶解时不会分裂成离子。
A solute that dissolves as whole molecules and does not conduct is a . · 以完整分子形式溶解且不导电的溶质是。
No free ions means it is a nonelectrolyte. · 没有自由离子意味着它是非电解质。
Draw dissolved $\text{CaCl}_2$ at the particle level.
- Each unit gives one $\text{Ca}^{2+}$ and two $\text{Cl}^-$.
- So the picture shows twice as many chloride ions as calcium ions.
在粒子层面画出溶解的 $\text{CaCl}_2$。
- 每个单元给出一个 $\text{Ca}^{2+}$ 和两个 $\text{Cl}^-$。
- 所以图中氯离子的数目是钙离子的两倍。
When $\text{CaCl}_2$ dissolves, how many chloride ions form per formula unit? · 当$\text{CaCl}_2$溶解时，每个化学式单位形成多少个氯离子？
$\text{CaCl}_2 \to \text{Ca}^{2+} + 2\,\text{Cl}^-$, so two chloride ions. · $\text{CaCl}_2 \to \text{Ca}^{2+} + 2\,\text{Cl}^-$，所以是两个氯离子。
When an ionic compound dissolves, draw separate ions, not intact "NaCl" units -- they dissociate. Keep the correct ratio ($\text{CaCl}_2$ gives 1 $\text{Ca}^{2+}$ to 2 $\text{Cl}^-$). And molecular solutes like sugar stay whole, so do not split them into ions.
当离子化合物溶解时,画分开的离子,而不是完整的"NaCl"单元——它们会解离。保持正确的比例($\text{CaCl}_2$ 给出 1 个 $\text{Ca}^{2+}$ 对 2 个 $\text{Cl}^-$)。而像糖这样的分子溶质保持完整,所以不要把它们拆成离子。
A particulate diagram shows a solution's real particles in their true ratio. An electrolyte (an ionic compound) dissociates into separate ions and conducts electricity, while a molecular solute like sugar dissolves whole and does not. Draw ions for salts, whole molecules for sugars.
粒子图以真实比例显示溶液中真实的粒子。电解质(离子化合物)解离成分开的离子并导电,而像糖这样的分子溶质整个溶解、不导电。盐画离子,糖画整个分子。