Separation of Solutions and Mixtures · 溶液和混合物的分离
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| filtration/fɪlˈtreɪʃn/ | 过滤 | guò lǜ |
| evaporation/ɪˌvæpəˈreɪʃn/ | 蒸发 | zhēng fā |
| distillation/dɪstɪˈleɪʃn/ | 蒸馏 | zhēng liú |
| chromatography/krəʊməˈtɒɡrəfi/ | 色谱法 | sè pǔ fǎ |
Pulling a blend apart
- A muddy river can be made clear again.
- Salt can be recovered from the sea by the sun.
- Ink can be split into its hidden colours.
- Each trick exploits one way the parts differ.
把混合物拆开
- 浑浊的河水可以重新变清。
- 海盐可以借助阳光从海水中回收。
- 墨水可以被拆分成它隐藏的颜色。
- 每个技巧都利用了各部分不同的某一点。
Filtration and evaporation
- Filtration 过滤 separates by particle size: solids are caught, liquid passes.
- Evaporation 蒸发 leaves a dissolved solid behind as the solvent boils off.
- Use filtration for undissolved solids, evaporation for dissolved ones.
过滤与蒸发
- 过滤按粒子大小分离:固体被拦住,液体通过。
- 蒸发在溶剂沸腾散去时把溶解的固体留下。
- 对未溶解的固体用过滤,对溶解的固体用蒸发。
Filtration separates a mixture based on differences in... · 过滤根据...的差异分离混合物
Large solids are trapped while liquid passes through the filter. · 大固体被截留，液体通过滤纸。
To recover dissolved salt from salt water while discarding the water, use... · 为了从盐水中回收溶解的盐而丢弃水，应使用...
Boiling off the water leaves the solid salt behind. · 蒸发掉水后留下固态盐。
Distillation
- Distillation 蒸馏 separates liquids by their boiling points.
- The lower-boiling liquid vaporizes first, then re-condenses cleanly.
- It is how alcohol is separated from water.
蒸馏
- 蒸馏按沸点分离液体。
- 沸点较低的液体先汽化,再干净地重新冷凝。
- 酒精就是这样从水中分离出来的。
To separate pure water from salt water, you would use... · 要从盐水中分离出纯水，你会使用...
Distillation boils off the water and re-condenses it, leaving salt behind. · 蒸馏使水蒸发并重新冷凝，留下盐。
Chromatography
- Chromatography 色谱法 separates by how strongly each part clings to a surface.
- The components travel at different speeds and spread out.
- Ink's dyes separate into a rainbow of bands.
色谱法
- 色谱法按每一部分依附表面的强弱来分离。
- 各组分以不同速度移动并散开。
- 墨水的染料分离成一道彩虹般的条带。
Pick the separation method · 选择分离方法
Match each mixture to the technique that separates it, and the property it exploits. · 将每种混合物与其分离技术及其利用的性质匹配。
Match each method to the property it uses. · 将每种方法与它利用的性质匹配。
Distillation = boiling point, filtration = size, chromatography = affinity. · 蒸馏 = 沸点，过滤 = 大小，色谱法 = 亲和力。
Chromatography separates ink dyes because each travels at a different . · 色谱法分离墨水染料是因为每种染料的移动速度不同，取决于其。
Dyes that cling more strongly move more slowly, so they spread apart. · 吸附力更强的染料移动较慢，从而分散开来。
How would you get pure water from salt water?
- Distil it: boil the water off and re-condense the vapour.
- The salt stays behind, and the collected liquid is pure water.
你会如何从盐水中得到纯水?
- 蒸馏它:把水煮沸,再重新冷凝蒸气。
- 盐留在后面,收集到的液体就是纯水。
Filtration can separate a dissolved solute from its solvent. · 过滤可以分离溶解的溶质与其溶剂。
Dissolved particles pass through the filter; use evaporation or distillation. · 溶解的粒子会穿过滤纸；应使用蒸发或蒸馏。
Each method exploits one specific difference -- size for filtration, boiling point for distillation, surface affinity for chromatography. Filtration cannot separate a dissolved solute (it passes through the filter); use evaporation or distillation for that. Match the method to the property that differs.
每种方法都利用一个特定的差异——大小用于过滤,沸点用于蒸馏,表面亲和力用于色谱法。过滤不能分离溶解的溶质(它会穿过滤纸);那要用蒸发或蒸馏。让方法与不同的那个性质相匹配。
Separation methods each exploit a property difference: filtration by particle size, evaporation to recover a dissolved solid, distillation by boiling point, and chromatography by surface affinity. A dissolved solute passes through a filter, so recover it by evaporation or distillation instead.
各种分离方法各自利用一个性质差异:过滤按粒子大小,蒸发回收溶解的固体,蒸馏按沸点,色谱法按表面亲和力。溶解的溶质会穿过滤纸,所以要用蒸发或蒸馏来回收它。