Motivation theories · 激励理论
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| motivation/ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn/ | 激励 | jī lì |
| scientific management/saɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈmænɪdʒmənt/ | 科学管理 | kē xué guǎn lǐ |
| piece rates/piːs reɪts/ | 计件工资 | jì jiàn gōng zī |
| hygiene factors/ˈhaɪdʒiːn ˈfæktəz/ | 保健因素 | bǎo jiàn yīn sù |
| motivators/ˈməʊtɪveɪtəz/ | 激励因素 | jī lì yīn sù |
| hierarchy/ˈhaɪərɑːki/ | 层级 | céng jí |
| self-actualisation/self ˌæktʃuːəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | 自我实现 | zì wǒ shí xiàn |
| recognition/ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn/ | 认可 | rèn kě |
| human relations/ˈhjuːmən rɪˈleɪʃnz/ | 人际关系 | rén jì guān xì |
What makes people work hard?
- Two workers, same job, same pay — one is energised, the other watches the clock. Why?
- Generations of theorists have tried to explain motivation 激励, and their ideas still shape management today.
是什么让人努力工作?
- 两个工人,相同的工作,相同的报酬——一个充满活力,另一个看着钟。为什么?
- 几代理论家试图解释激励(motivation),而他们的想法今天仍塑造管理。
F.W. Taylor argued that workers are mainly motivated by: · F.W. 泰勒主张工人主要由以下激励:
Taylor's scientific management stressed pay and piece rates. · 泰勒的科学管理强调报酬和计件工资。
Taylor: money motivates
- F.W. Taylor (scientific management 科学管理) argued workers are mainly motivated by money.
- Break work into simple tasks, measure it, and pay piece rates 计件工资 — more output, more pay.
Herzberg: hygiene factors 保健因素 stop unhappiness; motivators 激励因素 give real motivation
泰勒:金钱激励
- 泰勒(科学管理)(F.W. Taylor, scientific management)主张工人主要由金钱激励。
- 把工作分解成简单的任务、测量它,并付计件工资(piece rates)——更多产出,更多报酬。
赫茨伯格:保健因素阻止不快乐;激励因素给予真正的激励
Maslow's hierarchy of needs · 马斯洛的需要层次
Maslow said people are motivated by needs in order — satisfy the lower ones first, then they aim higher. · 马斯洛说人们由有顺序的需要激励——先满足更低的,然后他们瞄准更高的。
In Maslow's hierarchy, which need is satisfied first? · 在马斯洛的层次中,哪个需要先被满足?
Lower (physiological) needs must be met before higher ones motivate. · 更低的(生理)需要必须在更高的激励之前被满足。
Maslow arranged human needs in a , with the most basic at the bottom. · 马斯洛把人类需要排列成一个,最基本的在底部。
Each level must be met before the next motivates. · 每个层次必须在下一个激励之前被满足。
Maslow: a hierarchy 层级 of needs
- Maslow said people are motivated by a hierarchy of needs, lowest first.
- Once a level is met, the next becomes the motivator — up to self-actualisation 自我实现.
People satisfy lower needs first; only then do higher needs motivate.
马斯洛:一个需要的层次
- 马斯洛(Maslow)说人们由一个需要的层次(hierarchy)激励,最低的先。
- 一旦一个层次被满足,下一个就变成激励因素——直到自我实现(self-actualisation)。
人们先满足更低的需要;只有那时更高的需要才激励。
In Herzberg's theory, pay and working conditions are: · 在赫茨伯格的理论中,报酬和工作条件是:
Hygiene factors stop dissatisfaction; motivators create satisfaction. · 保健因素阻止不满;激励因素创造满足。
Mayo's human relations school argued that social needs and teamwork affect motivation. · 梅奥的人际关系学派主张社会需要和团队合作影响激励。
Mayo found attention and social factors raised performance. · 梅奥发现关注和社会因素提高表现。
Herzberg and Mayo
- Herzberg: hygiene factors (pay, conditions) prevent dissatisfaction; motivators (achievement, recognition 认可) create real satisfaction.
- Mayo: the human relations 人际关系 school — teamwork, attention and social needs matter, not just money.
Money is necessary but not sufficient. Taylor over-stressed pay; Herzberg showed pay only stops people being unhappy — genuine motivation comes from the work itself, recognition and responsibility.
赫茨伯格与梅奥
- 赫茨伯格(Herzberg):保健因素(hygiene factors,报酬、条件)防止不满;激励因素(motivators,成就、认可)创造真正的满足。
- 梅奥(Mayo):人际关系(human relations)学派——团队合作、关注和社会需要重要,不只是金钱。
金钱是必要的但不充分。 泰勒过度强调报酬;赫茨伯格表明报酬只阻止人们不快乐——真正的激励来自工作本身、认可和责任。
You've got it
- Taylor: money + piece rates motivate
- Maslow: a hierarchy of needs, lowest first, up to self-actualisation
- Herzberg: hygiene factors stop dissatisfaction, motivators create satisfaction; Mayo: social needs matter
你掌握了
- 泰勒:金钱 + 计件工资激励
- 马斯洛:一个需要的层次,最低的先,直到自我实现
- 赫茨伯格:保健因素阻止不满,激励因素创造满足;梅奥:社会需要重要