Size and growth of business · 企业规模与增长
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| revenue/ˈrevənjuː/ | 营业收入 | yíng yè shōu rù |
| turnover/ˈtɜːnəʊvə/ | 营业额 | yíng yè é |
| capital employed/ˈkæpɪtl emˈplɔɪd/ | 所用资本 | suǒ yòng zī běn |
| market share/ˈmɑːkɪt ʃeə/ | 市场份额 | shì chǎng fèn é |
| inorganic growth/ˌɪnɔːˈɡænɪk ɡrəʊθ/ | 外延增长 | wài yán zēng zhǎng |
| merger/ˈmɜːdʒə/ | 合并 | hé bìng |
| takeover/ˈteɪkəʊvə/ | 收购 | shōu gòu |
| economies of scale/ɪˈkɒnəmiz ɒv skeɪl/ | 规模经济 | guī mó jīng jì |
| niche/niːʃ/ | 利基市场 | lì jī shì chǎng |
| diseconomies/ˌdɪsɪˈkɒnəmiz/ | 规模不经济 | guī mó bù jīng jì |
| organic growth/ɔːˈɡænɪk ɡrəʊθ/ | 有机增长 | yǒu jī zēng zhǎng |
How big is big?
- Is a firm with 10 staff but huge revenue 营业收入 bigger than one with 200 staff? "Size" has several meanings.
- And once a firm exists, a central question is whether — and how — to grow.
大有多大?
- 一个有 10 名员工但收入巨大的企业比一个有 200 名员工的企业更大吗?"规模"有几个含义。
- 而且一旦一个企业存在,一个核心问题是是否——以及如何——增长。
Business case lab · 商业案例实验室
Classify real decisions so the main business concept becomes concrete. · 对真实决策进行分类，使主要商业概念具体化。
Which are ways to measure the size of a business? (Select all that apply.) · 哪些是企业规模的衡量方式？（选择所有适用项。）
Employees, revenue and capital employed are standard size measures. · 员工人数、营业额和投入资本是标准的规模衡量指标。
Measuring size
- Common measures: number of employees, revenue (sales turnover 营业额), capital employed 所用资本, and market share 市场份额.
- Each can give a different ranking — so the "best" measure depends on the purpose.
Business activity moves from raw materials through manufacture to services
测量规模
- 常见的测量:员工数量、收入(销售营业额)、所用资本(capital employed)和市场份额。
- 每个能给出不同的排名——所以"最好的"测量取决于目的。
商业活动从原材料经过制造到服务移动
Growth by taking over another company is: · 通过收购另一家公司实现的增长属于：
Mergers and takeovers are inorganic (external) growth. · 合并和收购属于外延式（外部）增长。
Opening new branches using retained profit is an example of: · 利用留存利润开设新分店是以下哪项的例子：
Expanding from within is organic growth. · 从内部扩张属于内涵式增长。
Growth from within the business, without merging, is called ______ growth. · 来自企业内部而非合并的增长被称为______增长。
Organic growth is internal; inorganic is by merger/takeover. · 内涵式增长是内部的；外延式增长是通过合并/收购实现的。
Organic vs inorganic growth 外延增长
- Organic (internal) growth: expanding from within — more outlets, new products. Slower but lower-risk.
- Inorganic (external) growth: mergers 合并 and takeovers 收购. Faster, but riskier and often expensive.
Integration joins firms: horizontal (same stage), vertical (supplier or customer), or conglomerate (unrelated)
Shops competing on a high street: the market a business operates in
有机增长对无机增长
- 有机(内部)增长(organic / internal growth):从内部扩张——更多门店、新产品。更慢但更低风险。
- 无机(外部)增长(inorganic / external growth):合并和收购。更快,但更冒险且常常昂贵。
整合把企业联合起来:横向(同一阶段)、纵向(供应商或顾客)或混合(不相关)
在一条商业街上竞争的商店:一个企业运营的市场
A firm may choose to stay small to serve a specialist niche market. · 公司可能选择保持小规模以服务于专业利基市场。
Niche focus, personal service and control are reasons to stay small. · 专注利基市场、提供个性化服务和保持控制权是保持规模较小的原因。
Why grow — and why stay small?
- Grow: lower costs (economies of scale 规模经济), more market power, higher profit.
- Stay small: serve a niche 利基市场, keep personal service, retain control, avoid diseconomies 规模不经济.
Worked example. A restaurant chain can grow organically by opening new branches, or inorganically by buying a rival chain overnight — gaining its sites and customers at once, but taking on its debts and culture too.
为什么增长——以及为什么保持小?
- 增长:更低的成本(规模经济)、更多的市场力量、更高的利润。
- 保持小:服务一个利基(niche)、保持个性化服务、保留控制、避免规模不经济。
例题。 一个餐厅连锁能通过开新分店有机地增长,或通过一夜之间买下一个竞争对手连锁无机地增长——一下子获得它的场地和顾客,但也接管它的债务和文化。
You've got it
- size is measured by employees, revenue, capital employed or market share
- organic growth 有机增长 is internal and steady; inorganic growth is by merger/takeover
- firms grow for economies of scale and power, or stay small to serve a niche
你掌握了
- 规模由员工、收入、所用资本或市场份额测量
- 有机增长是内部的且稳定;无机增长通过合并/收购
- 企业为规模经济和力量而增长,或保持小以服务一个利基