Osmoregulation · 渗透调节
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| osmoregulation/ˌɒzmɔːɡjʊˈleɪʃn/ | 渗透调节 | shèn tòu tiáo jié |
| hypothalamus/ˌhaɪpəʊˈθælæməs/ | 下丘脑 | xià qiū nǎo |
| pituitary gland/pɪˈtjuːɪtəri ɡlænd/ | 垂体 | chuí tǐ |
| antidiuretic hormone/ˌæntɪˌdɪjuːˈretɪk ˈhɔːməʊn/ | 抗利尿激素 | kàng lì niào jī sù |
| collecting duct/kəˈlektɪŋ dʌkt/ | 集合管 | jí hé guǎn |
| aquaporin/ˈækwəpɔːrɪn/ | 水通道蛋白 | shuǐ tōng dào dàn bái |
Balancing the body's water
- Osmoregulation 渗透调节 controls the water content of the blood.
- It is run by the brain, using a hormone called ADH.
- It is a clear example of negative feedback.
平衡身体的水
- 渗透调节(osmoregulation) 控制血液的 水含量。
- 它由大脑运行,使用一种叫 ADH 的激素。
- 它是负反馈的一个清晰例子。
The hormone that controls water reabsorption in the kidney is ______. · 控制肾中水重吸收的激素是 ______。
ADH makes the collecting duct more permeable to water. · ADH 使集合管对水更可透。
The ADH pathway
- The hypothalamus 下丘脑 detects the water potential of the blood.
- When the blood is too concentrated, the pituitary gland 垂体 releases antidiuretic hormone 抗利尿激素 (ADH).
- ADH makes the collecting ducts 集合管 more permeable to water by adding water channels (aquaporins 水通道蛋白).
- More water is reabsorbed into the blood, so less, more concentrated urine is made.
Osmoregulation by ADH (negative feedback)
ADH 通路
- 下丘脑(hypothalamus) 检测血液的 水势。
- 当血液 太浓 时,垂体(pituitary gland) 释放 抗利尿激素(antidiuretic hormone,ADH)。
- ADH 通过添加水通道(水通道蛋白(aquaporins))使 集合管 对水更可透。
- 更多的水被重吸收回血液,所以产生 更少、更浓的尿。
ADH 的渗透调节(负反馈)
The ADH pathway · ADH 通路
Step through it. When the blood gets too concentrated, ADH makes the kidney save water — classic negative feedback. · 一步步走过它。当血液变得太浓时,ADH 使肾节省水——经典的负反馈。
Which part of the brain detects the water potential of the blood? · 大脑的哪个部分检测血液的水势?
The hypothalamus monitors blood water potential and triggers ADH release from the pituitary. · 下丘脑监测血液水势并触发垂体释放 ADH。
ADH increases water reabsorption by: · ADH 通过以下增加水重吸收:
ADH inserts aquaporins into the collecting duct membranes, so more water is reabsorbed. · ADH 把水通道蛋白插入集合管膜,所以更多水被重吸收。
When the blood is too concentrated, the body: · 当血液太浓时,身体:
More ADH means more water returned to the blood, restoring its water content (negative feedback). · 更多 ADH 意味着更多水返回血液,恢复它的水含量(负反馈)。
Put the ADH response to concentrated blood in order. · 把对浓血液的 ADH 反应按顺序排列。
Detect → release ADH → reabsorb water → return to the set point. Negative feedback. · 检测 → 释放 ADH → 重吸收水 → 回到设定点。负反馈。
Negative feedback in action
- Too concentrated → more ADH → more water reabsorbed → blood water restored.
- Too dilute → less ADH → less water reabsorbed → more dilute urine.
- Either way, the change is corrected — negative feedback.
负反馈的运作
- 太浓 → 更多 ADH → 更多水被重吸收 → 血液水分恢复。
- 太稀 → 更少 ADH → 更少水被重吸收 → 更稀的尿。
- 无论哪种方式,变化都被纠正——负反馈。
Osmoregulation by ADH is an example of negative feedback. · ADH 的渗透调节是负反馈的一个例子。
A change in blood water triggers a response that returns it to normal — classic negative feedback. · 血液水分的一个变化触发一个把它带回正常的反应——经典的负反馈。
When water balance fails
- Too little water → blood is concentrated → more ADH → small volume of concentrated urine.
- Too much water → blood is dilute → less ADH → large volume of dilute urine.
当水平衡失败时
- 水太少 → 血液浓 → 更多 ADH → 小体积的浓尿。
- 水太多 → 血液稀 → 更少 ADH → 大体积的稀尿。
You've got it
- osmoregulation controls blood water content
- the hypothalamus detects water potential; the pituitary releases ADH
- ADH adds aquaporins to the collecting ducts → more water reabsorbed → concentrated urine
- it works by negative feedback (more ADH when blood is too concentrated)
你掌握了
- 渗透调节 控制血液 水含量
- 下丘脑 检测水势;垂体 释放 ADH
- ADH 给 集合管 添加 水通道蛋白 → 更多水被重吸收 → 浓尿
- 它通过 负反馈 运作(血液太浓时更多 ADH)