HSK 3 Grammar 4: Comparisons
HSK · HSK · HSK 3 Tópico 4 4:03 Narração em inglês · Legendas em inglês + 中文 gravadas
Capítulos
Transcrição
The comparison toolkit. Bi for more than. Meiyou for not as as. Gen bi qilai to lead with the yardstick. Geng and hai for even more. Duo le for a big gap. And one word that never enters a bi sentence, hen, whose absence is the classic mistake of this whole topic.
The bi frame is A, bi, B, then the adjective: zhe ben shu bi na ben shu gui, this book is more expensive than that one. The adjective lands last and bare, with no hen inside the frame, because bi sentences forbid it. Degree comes from geng, hai, or duo le instead. Both reference objects must appear, since a comparison with one object has nothing to lean on.
Meiyou is the flip side of bi, the same not-have moonlighting as a comparison word. A meiyou B plus adjective means A is not as adjective as B: xiao Zhang meiyou xiao Li gao, Xiao Zhang isn't as tall as Xiao Li. Ni bi wo gao, you're taller than me, flips to wo meiyou ni gao, I'm not as tall as you. The adjective stays bare, meiyou ni gao, never meiyou ni hen gao, and name can add force: meiyou ta name mang, not as busy as him.
Gen A bi qilai holds A up as the yardstick, then comments on B. Gen Shanghai bi, wo laojia de wujia hen di, compared with Shanghai, prices in my hometown are very low. And here is the surprise: hen is allowed, because the frame is a comment, not a direct A-bi-B. For a plain more than, the basic bi is enough, A bi B gao, and the benchmark-first frame is for when you want to lead with the yardstick.
Geng or hai before the adjective means even more, often with a sly hint. Shanghai bi Niuyue renkou geng duo, Shanghai's population is even bigger than New York's. Ta bi Yao Ming hai gao, he's even taller than Yao Ming, which quietly admits Yao Ming was already a giant. Geng and hai sit before the adjective, and the standing rule holds: a bi sentence never takes hen or feichang.
Size the gap at the end of the sentence. A big gap takes duo le, de duo, or hen duo: pinyin bi Hanzi rongyi duo le, pinyin is much easier than characters. A small gap takes yidian, rongyi yidian, a little easier. The gap word sits after the adjective, gao duo le, never duo le gao, and duo le also works alone, hao duo le, much better. Compare your city with Beijing in one sentence, and use the gap you actually mean.
The watch-out is the classic mistake of the topic: a bi sentence never takes hen or feichang. Say bi ta gao, taller than him, or bi ta geng gao, even taller than him, never bi ta hen gao. And the meiyou comparison keeps the adjective bare too, meiyou ni gao. Degree in comparisons comes from geng, hai, duo le, and the gap words, never from hen.
Pause and check both. First, meiyou makes the comparison negative, wo meiyou ni gao, I'm not as tall as you. Second, duo le sits after the adjective, gao duo le, much taller. The remaining review items: the bi frame is A, bi, B, adjective; gen bi qilai is the frame that allows hen; and hai smuggles in the hint that the benchmark was already high. One forbidden word, five tools, and comparisons are yours.