把 sentences (do something to the object) · frases 把 (fazer algo ao objeto)
A book is moved to a known place
- You put a particular book on the table.
- I / me我(把: marks the object)把book书放在table桌子(bound form) up上。 — (把: marks the object)把 introduces the affected book before the action and its location.
You put a particular book on the table. What does 我把书放在桌子上。 communicate?
把 introduces the affected book before the action and its location. An ordinary 把 construction needs an appropriately elaborated verb phrase, not merely 把书放. Put negation or an auxiliary before 把: 我没把书拿走. The book should be identifiable in context.
Build the form
- The pattern in this lesson is (把: marks the object)把 sentences (do something to the object). Locate it in the original interlinear examples below.
- Keep the words in their demonstrated positions; the pattern must fit the intended situation as well as the sentence form.
I我(把)把book书put放on在table桌子on top上。
Using the lesson pattern in this demonstrated example: I put the book on the table: 我 ____ 书放在桌子上。
把 + Obj + Verb Phrase moves the object before the verb: 我把书放在桌子上. · 把 + Obj + Verb Phrase move o objeto antes do verbo: 我把书放在桌子上.
Read examples in context
- In the opening example, I / me我(把: marks the object)把book书放在table桌子(bound form) up上。: (把: marks the object)把 introduces the affected book before the action and its location.
- Explain who acts, what is described and which time or group is relevant before choosing an English paraphrase.
What does 把 do to the object? · O que 把 faz com o objeto?
把 fronts the object so the verb can say what was done to it. · 把 coloca o objeto à frente para que o verbo diga o que foi feito com ele.
Build: “I put the book on the table.” · Construa: “Coloco o livro na mesa.”
Subj + 把 + Obj + VP: 我 + 把书 + 放在桌子上.
Know the boundary
- An ordinary (把: marks the object)把 construction needs an appropriately elaborated verb phrase, not merely (把: marks the object)把书放.
- Put negation or an auxiliary before (把: marks the object)把: I / me我not / haven't没(把: marks the object)把book书to take away拿走. The book should be identifiable in context.
A 把 verb can stand bare, e.g. 我把书放。 · Um verbo 把 pode ficar nu, ex. 我把书放。
The verb needs a result / 了 / place: 放在桌子上, 吃完了 — not bare 放. · O verbo precisa de resultado / 了 / lugar: 放在桌子上, 吃完了 — não 放 nu.
In the opening situation: 把 introduces the affected book before the action and its location.
An ordinary 把 construction needs an appropriately elaborated verb phrase, not merely 把书放. Put negation or an auxiliary before 把: 我没把书拿走. The book should be identifiable in context. 把 introduces the affected book before the action and its location.
Use the distinction
- (把: marks the object)把 introduces the affected book before the action and its location.
- An ordinary (把: marks the object)把 construction needs an appropriately elaborated verb phrase, not merely (把: marks the object)把书放. Put negation or an auxiliary before (把: marks the object)把: I / me我not / haven't没(把: marks the object)把book书to take away拿走. The book should be identifiable in context.
Read the full reference: HSK 3 grammar — Sentence patterns.