Preliminary reading: detailed meaning and cohesion
| English | 中文 | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|
| reference/ˈrefrəns/ | 指代 | zhǐ dài |
| cohesion/kəʊˈhiːʒn/ | 衔接 | xián jiē |
A decision before an answer
- A missing sentence beginning “This experience” needs a clear earlier experience. Grammar alone cannot place it.
- Your goal: Understand detail, inference, attitude and global meaning in a longer text (Part 3).
Read the relationship
- Part 3 asks detail and meaning from a longer passage. Read once for its overall development, then locate evidence.
- Restore five sentences using discourse links in a gapped text (Part 4).
“This problem” needs:
This points to an identifiable previous idea.
Use the defining rule
- Attitude questions depend on wording and context. Distinguish a character’s view from the writer’s.
- Restore five sentences using discourse links in a gapped text (Part 4).
A candidate sentence fits before a gap but contradicts the next line. It is:
Both connections must work.
Check the conditions
- Part 4 supplies eight sentences for five gaps. Check references, tense, logical links and paragraph progression.
- Restore five sentences using discourse links in a gapped text (Part 4).
“Ana missed the last train. ____ She decided to phone her brother instead.” Candidate: “No buses were running either.” This supports the next decision. “Her brother enjoyed trains” shares a noun but does not explain the phone call.
A linking word expressing contrast is “____”.
However can qualify or oppose the preceding idea.
Apply the task format
- Read before and after a gap. A sentence can connect backwards but break the next sentence.
- Restore five sentences using discourse links in a gapped text (Part 4).
Cohesion needs meaning on both sides of the gap. Pronoun agreement alone is insufficient.
Which answer fits this case?
Understand detail, inference, attitude and global meaning in a longer text (Part 3)
A sentence mentioning the same name always belongs in the gap.
Meaning, references and sequence must also fit.
Keep the distinctions
- cohesion 衔接 — Links that connect sentences into a text.
- reference 指代 — A link from a word to the person or idea it represents.
- Understand detail, inference, attitude and global meaning in a longer text (Part 3).
- Restore five sentences using discourse links in a gapped text (Part 4).
Match each term with its precise meaning in this lesson.
Keep the distinctions stated in the teaching example.
Put this lesson’s reasoning or event sequence in order.
The order follows the stated process; check each stage before the next.