What Industry Changed
IntroducedThe three threads, measured again
- The Industrial Revolution spread from Great Britain to the continent, where the state played a greater role in promoting industry.
- The experiences of everyday life were shaped by industrialisation, depending on the level of industrial development in a particular location.
- Political revolutions and the complications resulting from industrialisation triggered a range of ideological, governmental, and collective responses.
The influence of innovation is best measured in...
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Factory, railway, global network, then greater scale and complexity again.
Innovation changed the scale of everything
- Mechanisation made the factory the predominant mode of production; railways made the national economy a single market.
- The second industrial revolution then raised scale and complexity again, and added mass consumption.
- So the influence of innovation is measured in orders of magnitude, not in inventions listed.
The CED gives everyday life its own thread rather than treating it as a by-product.
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Class, family and migration are not side-effects of economics here.
And it changed who people were
- Divisions of labour produced self-conscious classes; migration produced cities and emptied districts.
- Family life, marriage and leisure reorganised around the household rather than the workshop or the village.
- So the social change is not a by-product of the economic change; the CED gives it its own thread.
Economic, social, or political?
Sort each change industry brought by 1914.
The deepest political change is the expansion of what government is ____.
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Sewers, schools, police and inspection in 1914; none of them in 1815.
Social change is a thread, not a by-product. The CED gives everyday life its own claim — the experiences of everyday life were shaped by industrialisation, depending on the level of industrial development in a particular location — so an answer that treats class, family and migration as side-effects of economics has demoted one of the unit's three threads.
Select all the continuities this lesson names.
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The change is in scale, self-awareness and expectation.
And what people demanded of the state
- Four ideologies, a wave of revolutions, organised movements, and a liberalism that changed its mind about intervention.
- By 1914 the state does things — sewers, schools, police, inspection — that in 1815 it did not.
- That expansion of what government is for is the deepest political change of the unit.
A strong answer to this objective gives...
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Change without continuity reads as rupture.
Writing the influence of innovation
- The objective is the influence of innovations and technological developments in Europe from 1815 to 1914.
- Give an economic influence, a social one and a political one, and name a continuity for each.
- Agriculture persisted, classes did not vanish, monarchy remained — the change is in scale, self-awareness and expectation.
Compare a state's list of duties in 1815 and in 1914. The later list includes drains, schoolrooms, factory inspectors and a police force. Nothing about the borders has to change for that to be the larger transformation.
By 1914, innovation had changed the scale of production and exchange (factory system, railways, a truly global network, a second industrial revolution of greater scale and complexity), the social order (self-conscious classes, urbanisation, the reorganised family), and the expectations placed on the state (four ideologies, 1848, organised movements, and a liberalism that shifted from laissez-faire to intervention). Name a continuity beside each.