HSK 5 Grammar 18: Complements
HSK · HSK · HSK 5 주제 18 4:07 영어 내레이션 · 영어 + 중국어 자막 burned-in
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This frame covers 形容词 + 得 + 很 / 不得了 / 要命 / 不行. After an adjective, 得 plus a short ending pushes the quality to an extreme: terribly, or almost too much to ignore. The endings in this unit are 很, 不得了, 要命 and 不行. You already know 极了 and 死了 for a similar extreme. Those join the adjective directly. This group keeps 得. The ending is a complement: the piece after the adjective that completes the meaning., Pattern: 形容词 + 得 + 很 / 不得了 / 要命 / 不行.
This frame covers 动词 + 得了 / 不了. 了 here is liǎo, "manage, bring off". It is a different word from the completed-action le. After a verb, 得了 asks whether the action can be carried through. 不了 says it cannot. The block is usually practical: too much to carry, too little time, a plan that changed, or a body that will not cooperate., Pattern: 动词 + 得了 / 不了.
This frame covers 动词 + 住 / 开 / 出(来). 住, 开 and 出(来) name the result of a verb., Pattern: 动词 + 住 / 开 / 出(来).
This frame covers 动词 + 坏了. 坏了 after an adjective or a feeling verb means the state is overwhelming: to bits, terribly. In other sentences 坏 can mean "bad" or "broken". In this pattern it turns the feeling up. Positive states work as well as hard ones. 高兴坏了 means thrilled to bits., Pattern: 动词 + 坏了.
This frame covers 动词 + 着 (zháo). Result 着 is zháo, second tone. It means the action hit its mark. 睡着 means sleep came. 找着 means the search produced the thing. 买着 means you managed to get it. The potential forms are 得着 and 不着. The state particle 着 is zhe, neutral tone. It marks a continuing state or a background manner: 门开着, the door stays open. Same character, two sounds, two jobs., Pattern: 动词 + 着 (zháo).
The handout Practice — Part 1 section tests the patterns from this topic.
The handout Answers — Part 1 section tests the patterns from this topic.
This frame covers 动词 + 到. 到 after a verb says the action reaches a result. A bare verb can name only the try or the process. 找 is "look for"; 找到 is "find". 买 may mean you try to buy; 买到 means you succeed. 想 is "think"; 想到 means the thought arrives: "think of", "realize", or "expect"., Pattern: 动词 + 到.
This frame covers 动词 + 来 + 动词 + 去. Repeat one single-syllable verb on both sides of 来……去. The action runs back and forth or on and on and tends to sound restless. A later result is allowed. 找来找去，终于找到了 is natural., synonyms. New pairs repeat one verb.. Pattern: 动词 + 来 + 动词 + 去.
The handout Practice — Part 2 section tests the patterns from this topic.
The handout Answers — Part 2 section tests the patterns from this topic.
The handout answers walk through every practice item.